『스페인의 대지』와 『누구를 위하여 종은 울리나』에 나타난 헤밍웨이의 인본주의적 개인주의 연구

A Study of Humanitarian Individualism Represented in Ernest Hemingway’s The Spanish Earth and For Whom the Bell Tolls

This study examined Hemingway’s personal letters, articles, and narrations of documentaries filmed in Spain, focusing on selected works written during the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway had begun formulating his ideology about man’s responsibility to others, which asserted his unequivocal belief in basic inherent human rights, an ideology which may be termed his humanitarian individualism. Although elements of his humanitarian individualism may be identified in the majority of his works, it was during this bloody civil war, in which thousands of civilians were massacred by the Fascists, that he solidly articulated and demonstrated his humanitarian ideals. Written just after To Have and Have Not, Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls appears to have changed his focus from the individual to the community. This study explored Hemingway’s emotional journey into the heart of man and carefully observed his beliefs of humanitarian individualism, which advocated freedom, liberty, and justice for all people everywhere.