고구려 와당의 채색과 태토 색조 검토

The Coloring and Bottom mud’s Shade of Koguryo’s Roof-end Tiles

According to the shade of their bottom mud, Koguryo’s roof-end tiles are grouped into two series, gray and red. The roof-end tiles made of red bottom mud have been excavated only at Koguryo sites. And Some of Koguryo’s roof-end tiles were colored red or white. We could find these colored roof-end tiles in wall paintings of the Anak Tomb No 3: Kitchen and mill have red roof-end tiles, stable and barn have white tiles. Therefore we could suppose that the colored roof-end tiles were being used from at least the mid 4th century. Coloring was to exorcise evil spirits and to increase the durability, aesthetic value, and magnificence of constructions. The white colored roof-end tiles, unlike the red colored, had been prevailed throughout the Koguryo dynasty and throughout the whole area. This state was perhaps because the color ‘white’ was different from the bottom mud’s shade of roof-end tiles. Although the bottom mud's shade of roof-end tiles varied according to the times, the meaning and purpose of white coloring did not change if people would feel urge to make the constructions seem more magnificent and grand. In case of the red colored roof-end tiles, the coloring was something of a repetition of the bottom mud’s shade. Thus I examined what the white coloring meant in relation to the time of appearance of the roof-end tiles made of red bottom mud. As a result of examining the roof-end tiles discovered in Jian, I found that the roof-end tiles made of red bottom mud belonged under the lotus design roof-end tiles without dividing lines. Their lotus flower is boat type, the rising lines were moved to outside and changed into the edge line of the lotus flower, the number of border lines near ovary was reduced from two to one. And since boat type is a cultural element of Pyongyang, we should consider the red bottom mud to be a cultural element of Pyongyang. Therefore we could conclude that the roof-end tiles made of red bottom mud in Jian appeared after the transfer of the capital to Pyongyang and in the process of spreading cultural elements of Pyongyang afterwards. It was the mid to later 5th century and the roof-end tiles of this type were in vogue from the later 5th to the early 6th century. Appearance of the roof-end tiles made of red bottom mud, I suppose, resulted from spreading red coloring which was used to express some social meanings on the roof-end tiles made of gray bottom mud. To paint an entire roof-end tile red, they first had to color the roof-end tile with white lime, then coat it with vermilion paint. This method was very inefficient and very expensive. If they had worked with red bottom mud at the beginning, they would easily produce the red colored roof-end tiles.