南韓地域 高句麗 기와 製作方法 考察

A study on the manufacturing method of Goguryeo’s roof tiles in South Korea

In this paper, I tried to examine into a statistic analysis the manufacturing method and the peculiarity of Goguryeo roof tiles excavated from the South Korea. The analysis here was divided as formal nature and technical one. It was a observation about the pattern, spatula-shaped pole(拍子) which strike a design, mold for making a tile, method of a side division, color mainly and supposed the reason through the result. According to the analysis, there were a lot of the straw rope-shaped patterns(繩文) overwhelmingly for the ridge-end convex roof tiles including the lattice pattern and the sawtooth-shaped(鋸齒文) one. For the convex roof tiles, it was a general method to remove the pattern from the front side secondly after creating a pattern. Which means the straw rope-shaped pattern was the representive pattern of the flat roof tiles in Goguryeo. The size of the spatula-shaped pole which strike a design with a vertical direction was about 4×6㎝. The reason to strike a design on the roof tile is guessed to protect from a twist and burst of the shape. In the structure of mold for making a tile, the ridge-end convex roof tile used the mold for making tile made like a reed screen and the convex roof tile did the round-shaped mold for making tile. It was proved to product the mold for making tile made like a reed screen by connecting vertically. In addition, I was able to reproduce the manufacture process of the roof tiles through remaining inside traces of the keyboard-type cylinder mold(模骨瓦桶), the uneven form, the trace of rising and jutting out, the stick shape etc. The character of the side division is a perfect division by the chipping control from once to 6 times, I arranged it with 14 types. As a result, the flat roof tiles of Silla influenced by the Goguryeo’s ones have the character that the ratios of the divided types appeared differently each other. It was understood to mean the change of the mold for making a tile and the inside curve-ratio. According to the ingredient analysis for the flat roof tiles of Goguryeo period, its character is that it manufactured with a scientific method to obstruct a burst in the winter and a change of the shape. And it depended on the geographical character which Goguryeo located in a cold region. Also the use of the roof in red-line color, mainly, means that there was the intensional purpose to reflect the custom and system of Goguryeo society.