백제 한성시대 후기의 북방 영역

The Northern Territory in the late Hanseong Period of Baekje

This study is to examine the Northern territory of Baekje(百濟) from the late 4th to the early 5th century by scrutinizing records of 「The Inscription of King Gwanggaeto(廣開土) and Samguksagi. Baekje that attained the highest stage of prosperity in the period of King Guenchogo(近肖古) and King Guengusu(近仇首) started to be on the wane in the period of King Jinsa(辰斯) and King Asin(阿莘), when King Gwanggeto emerged in Goguryo(高句麗). Because of this, the northern line of defence of Baekje was in the situation of repeated advance and retreat. Nevertheless, as seen in the records of Samguksagi, the main battle line of Baekje and Goguryo in the period of King Jinsa and King Asin was formed along the Yeseong river. Because Baekje and Goguryo, like this, had fought battles in the Yeseong river valley, Goguryo, at last, started to invade Baekje on a large scale, including the naval forces, in 396, the 6th of Yeongrak(永樂), as seen in the inscription of King Gwanggaeto. The 58 castles that Goguryo took away from Baekje were located in the north of the Baekje Castle, and the range of the north seems to have been limited to north of the Han River valley and the line connected to Incheon(仁川) at the utmost. Based on the record of Samguksagi after the conquest of King Gwanggaeto, soldiers of Baekje attained the northern fence of Hansan(漢山) to attack Goguryo, and even until the period of King Gaero(蓋鹵), Baekje maintained Ssanghyeongseong(雙峴城), set up the large fence in Cheongmokryeong(靑木嶺), and made soldiers of Bukhansanseong(北漢山城) disposed in it. This shows that despite invasion of King Gwanggaeto, the northern boarder line of Baekje was restored to Imjin(臨津) and Yeseong(禮成) rivers.