한국고대의 사회경제구성

The Socioeconomic Formation of the Ancient Korea

The human history can be divided into the five stages of the social development; the primitive nature economy society, the ancient labor economy society, the medieval land economy society, the modern capital economy society, and the future automation economy society. The primitive nature economy society was the society that the nature produced everything and people consumed only. The ancient society was the economic society that labor, one of factors of production, played an main role in the production. The medieval land economy society would be the land-centered production society. This paper believe the development of the scientific technology have brought the role change in factors of production, these role change make the historical transition. Iron farming tools as axes, hoes, rakes, sickles etc. was discovered at th relics from the 4th century B.C. to 5th century A.D. Plows was discovered after the 6th century. Therefore, people could not plow deep and farm land lied fallow irregularly until the 5th century. Peasants moved into new land and did farming. The productivity of land and capital was low and relatively the productivity of human's labor was high. Only human's labor created the added value on the production of the ancient Korean society. People did not become slaves because they had not any means of production. They became slaves because of their body being owned as a prisoner of war, a sinner, a debtor, a sold person, etc. Slaves were the means of production that their body was owned. These situation owned slave's labor. Slaves had to labor for their owner, not for themselves. In the ancient Korean society, upper classes as nobles, warriors. rich men and officers, did not work at their farms. They owned many slaves, lands and iron farming tools. Slaves labored at their owner's house and farms but obtain nothing. Peasants worked at their farm, owned and consumed products freely. However, these peasants beared the tax, corvee, tribute and military service. The ancient Korean society that human's labor played an important role in the production ended at 668.