白村江ㆍ州柔城の位置比定に關して

On Comparative Positioning of Juryu Castle and the Hakusukino-e(River) - An Approach Based on the Methodology for Military History -

On comparative positioning of Juryu Castle and the Hakusukino-e(River) as the sites of the decisive battle between the combines forces of Silla-Tang and the Baekje-Japan armed forces for revival there has not been a definitive opinion for several reasons. The main reason is, I suppose, that scholars have not taken into account the methodology for military history based on military theory. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present an argument on comparative positioning of Juryu Castle and the Hakusukino-e(River), employing the methodology for military history. Firstly, in terms of control of the sea, Juryu Castle must have been outside of Tang’s command of the sea, that is, south of it, because the sea route from Chengshan(城山) in China and Deokmul Island to the Ungjin River and Sabi Castle constitutes the sea line of communication of Tang. Combined army forces of Silla-Tang departed from Ungjin(Gongju) on July 17, 663 A.D., arrived at and laid siege to Juryu castle on August 13, and caused the Baekje armed forces for revival to surrender on September 7, 663, A.D. Therefore, Juryu Castle must have been located in the southern part of the peninsula, especially at the distance of 26-day march from Ungjin(Gongju). Secondly, in terms of the base of operations, in March, 661, the Silla forces set up a base of operations in order to attack Juryu Castle. Since the present site of old Sabi castle turns out to be Gobu, Juryu Castle must have been located around Gobu. Thirdly, in terms of military geography, it is a well-known fact that we have to take into account the geographical condition in preparing and waging a war or a military operation. Juryu Castle is only a little way from the Hakusukino-e(River) and, judged from the written historical materials, the topographical conditions of Juryu Castle are in accord with those of Juryu Mountain Fortress in Gamgyo-ri, Sangseo-myeon, Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Therefore, I make a comparative positioning of Juryu Mountain Fortress for Juryu Castle and of the Dongjin River for the Hakusukino-e(River).