8～9세기 동아시아의 교역

Trade of East-Asia in 9th Century

In the 9th century, private trade was developed. It was because there were political disorder, advance of ship-building and voyage skill, growth of maritime traders in three kingdoms in East-Asia―Silla(新羅), T'ang(唐), Japan(日本). But most of all, the establishment of Ch'onghae Garrison(淸海 鎭) in 828 was the critical factor. The establishment of Ch'onghae Garrison made Silla dominate the trade of East-Asia. Silla, which made the network between Ch'onghae Garrison and traders who worked in T'ang and Japan, had the domination over traders in East-Asia. In this point, Silla substituted for Barhae(渤海), which was the former dominant power in East-Asia-trade. In other words, Silla dominated the zone of trade in Yellow Sea(黃海) and area of West Japan. We can see that by the fact Barhae, which had renaissance named ‘flourishing land in the East(海東盛國)’, did not send the diplomat envoys to Japan between 828-841 in which Chang Po-go(張保皐) worked around Ch'onghae Garrison. In 841 Chang Po-go was assassinated in the conflict with the central government which was caused by Chang Po-go's daughter marriagement with King and complaint of small sea-traders. In 851, Ch'onghae Garrison was abolished. After the abolishment of Ch'onghae Garrison, the trade-order in East-Asia in the late 9th century entered the competition system of various actors, who were Silla-government establishing Garrison(鎭) such as Dangseong Garrison (唐城鎭), Hyolgoo Garrison(穴口鎭), Paegang Garrison(浿江鎭), Janggoo Garrison(長口鎭) etc and Silla-traders in T'ang who had the abhorrence of Silla doing independent trade with Japan, sea-traders in Silla who were known by the Japan historic documents about Silla-Pirate, traders of Barhae and China. In short, it was historic event about the system of Asian trade which included Silla, Barhae, T'ang, Japan etc that the network established by Chang Po-go emerged and was abolished.