문과 급제자 거주지 분석

A study of the Residence of the successful candidates - With a focus 『MunGuaBangMok』 of the Major Families -

The article studies the residence of successful candidates from the major Families, which is defined in this article as those which produced more than 10 successful candidates in the Yi Dyanasty. We consider 162 residential areas in which 12,787 successful candidates from the major Families(199) sued to live. It is shown that there exists a clear gab between areas which had better social and educational and those which did not. First of all, 45.9% of all the successful candidates were from Seoul and 65% of them were from 17 major areas, each of which produced more than 100 successful candidates. Further, there is difference between more than and less than of Mojk(牧 ; jurisdiction of 從3品). Mojk(牧) and unites larger than Mojk(牧) produced 9.7 times more successful candidates than Gunhyun(郡縣). Next, the number of the successful candidates from Seoul was highest in the 16th century. At the end of the dynasty, those from Seoul passed in larger number at a wide variety of irregular Pulsi(別試) than at regular Siknyunsi(式年試). This shows that the political and social prestige of the ruling Families was passed onto ther descendents, especially in Seoul. Among Hasamdo(下三道; Kyungsang, Choongchung, Chunla provinces), Kyungsan(慶尙) province remained steady in the number of successful candidates. It used to be the center of the bureaucratic society in the 15th century but produced less and number of successful candidates since the 18th century, which we believe to be related to the party of conflict(黨爭). Given the history of the discrimination against Subugin(西北人), the number of successful candidates from Pungan(平安) province seems remarkable. Pungan province had produced the lowest percentage of successful candidates in Siknyunsi(式年試) until the 17th century but the number of successful candidates from Pungan province had increased considerably since the 18th century. The increase seems to be due to central government’s policy on immigration and the increase of wealth due to trade with the China. Only a limited number of successful candidates from Pungan province, however, went on to become an important factor in entering the central society. It is shown that not a single successful candidates was found in Dodangrok(都堂錄: a group of Chungjik), which listed candidates for Dansangwan(堂上官; a core of political operation). What this implies is that by selecting evenly Siknyunsi(式年試) successful candidates from different provinces, the operation of the Civil Service Exam(科擧制度) in the Yi Danasty functioned as a way of dealing with public sentiment, which was important for the sustenance of the social system. A variety of Pulsi(別試) were mainly for the ruling class in Seoul so that they could keep their system firmly.