後百濟甄萱의 農民施策에 관한 再檢討

Critical Review on the Peasant Policies of Chinhwon(甄萱) in Later Paekche Kingdom

In this paper, I try to reexamine the characteristics of Chinhwon' family origin, his warfare activities, and agricultural policies for the understanding of his political role at the transition time of Later Three Kingdom period. First of all, most scholars have been insisted that Chinhwon' family was from mighty and wealthy family. However, according to the legend of his birth and growth, it must be true that Ajagae, the father of Chinhwon, was from peasant group in social status. Although Chinhwon's family name was known as 'Lee,' it is possible that they had used family name 'Lee,' as a provisional name, based on similar pronunciation of 'A' in Ajagae. Second, because Ajagae was grown up through the uprising of peasant group, his political power was surely based on lower peasant group. However, it is noticeable that the uprising of 889 A.D. by Wonjong and Aeno and independence of Chinhwon from a defence military commander of Silla kingdom were simultaneously happened. If Ajagae had been played a central role in that political accident, Chinhwon may have a possible connection with Ajagae for uprising of peasants. Third, with regard to the relationship between Chinhwon and peasants, Chinhwon were thought by scholars as negative person. Chinhwon's activities such as the looting of provision, the capturing of people, the attacking of grain transportation, the firing of fortresses were regarded as a looter. However, the looting activities of provision were occurred just at a specific areas like Byukjin-Gun and its vicinity. The attacking of grain transportation was to destroy the provision supply for the military troop of Koryo in Kyungsang Province. The firing of fortresses was just common aspect in warfare activities. Therefore, those activities were not able to judge the personalities of Chinhwon. Lastly, Chinhwon must be having a political policy for his peasants. According to the inscription of Monk Dongjin, he had led his military troop on embankment such as Manmin-un, which means 'all people's embankment.' In addition to this, there were legends like the construction of embankment in Hapduk and the application of Dunjun(屯田). These activities means that Chinhwon had a strong policy for development of agricultural field and economy. In closing argument, Chinhwon had been played a important role in the historical transition period of medieval Korea. Here I strongly insisted that Chinhwon muse be rightly re-evaluated in regard to family origin, military campaigns, peasant relationships, and agricultural policies.