高句麗의 對外戰爭과 騎兵戰術

Wars in Goguryo and its Cavalry Soldier Strategy - Focusing on the wars with ‘Han’ people -

Wars in Goguryo and its cavalry soldier strategy can be divided into two phases. Namely, Goguryo-Huhan wars from 28 to 209 and in Goguryo-Jowi wars from 239 to 259. In Goguryo-Huhan wars, Goguryo mainly won the games but in Goguryo-Jowi wars two nations showed a similar rate of winning and losing. It was because the main force of Huhan was a lightweight vehicle and they did not have the saddle, but the main force Jowi were cavalry soldiers. Goguryo responded to Huhan’s ‘Fast Attack, Quick Win’ with ‘Castle Keeping’. If we classify the ‘Castle Keeping’ strategy into ‘First Attack’ and ‘Last Battle’, the cavalry soldier strategy of Goguryo would fall into ‘Last Battle’. It is the strategy to focus on defense until the enemy’s retreat and chase them with cavalry soldiers when the enemy retreats. It was used by Eulpaso when Yodong Taesu made an enveloping attack on Winaum Castle in 28. Myeongrimdapbu used this strategy in 172 to retreat the enemy, too. At that time, Hunan forces enveloped the castle and used ‘Fast Attack, Quick Win’ and Myeongrimdapbu made all the people in Jugun stay in the castle and attacked Huhan forces with cavalry soldiers when the enemies were tired. He achieved a big success in Jwawon. The wars between Goguryo and Jowi began with the attack of Wi. It attacked north and south of Goguryo in February, 246. The wars can be divided into the first one, where Goguryo defeated Gwangugeom, and the second one, where King Dongcheon was defeated by Gwangugeom. In the first war, Goguryo killed 3,000 Wi soldiers with 20,000 cavalry soldiers, and killed or captured 3,000 soldiers in Yangmaekjigok. Although King Dongcheon chased them with 5,000 cavalry soldiers Gwangugeom defeated Goguryo cavalry soldiers by implementing battle arrays and attacked for ambush with archeries. At that time Wi forces had enhanced battle capabilities enough to make cooperative tactics with cavalry soldiers, while Goguryo made a hasty attack without support from infantrymen. Therefore, Goguryo was defeated by Wi. In this war 18,000 Goguryo soldiers were killed and the surviving 1,000 soldiers retreated with King Dongcheon. In the second war, Gwangugeom chased King Dongcheon after winning Hwando Castle in October. King Dongcheon met the biggest crisis in Jukryeong. Miru delayed the chasing with a death defying corps with cavalry soldiers and Yuyu killed the enemy officer. Thanks to those two patriots Goguryo could defeat Wi soldiers. They could win finally because Goguryo had ‘Gwahama’ that was familiar with mountainous terrain, and they had good cavalry soldiers and archeries who could shoot even on horse back. Additionally, they had plenty of food. We could confirm that the ‘Dongbukgongjeong’ project was highly distorted to include Goguryo in Chinese History through the differentiation of cavalry soldiers between Goguryo and China.