고구려 수도의 海陸的 성격 검토

Study on Strategic Uses of Sea and Land in the Capital City of Goguryeo

We can say that seas in the East Asia are similar to Mediterranean Sea, organically connecting seas as well as lands. In order to play a key role in the ancient East Asia, it was essential to create a country which can use sea and land strategically. Most of the Capital cities in the East Asia were located in estuaries and ports. Especially some major Capitals were located at the areas where sea and river meet. Goguryeo was founded and developed in Southern Manchuria. Guknae-Seong, Capital city of Goguryeo, had many difficulties in playing a crucial role as an international city. In particular it had critical weak points in terms of using the ocean as follows. First, the Capital had difficulty in trading with other areas by sea. Second, it had limitations in taking a role as a center of politics and diplomacy in the complex international relationships of the East Asia. Third, there were not enough qualified ports. Fourth, maritime defence systems around the Capital city were not reliable enough. Goguryeo moved the Capital from Guknae-Seong to Pyongyang in 427. In Pyongyang, in which a land and a river was connected, it was easy to link inland waterways and land routes. Second, it has high efficiency in economic distribution of resources and in accomplishing inland political unification. Third, it is connected to most of the countries in East Asia by utilizing inland ports and sea ports. Fourth, it is a military city proper to advance south. Pyongyang-Seong, the new Capital of Goguryeo, played an important role in making a success as a core nation in East Asia as it came into power in the ocean and land.