조선시대 움집과 그 안에 살던 사람들

A Study on the Dwellers and their Habitation during Yi-Dynasty - Based on Chung-Cheong Province -

This study is a report about the dwelling site in Chung-cheong province during the Yi-dynasty. The habitation during the period was usually located in a slope of hill areas and the habitation comprise of square and circular forms. The house was constructed first by setting up a pillar in the middle of the house and then the house rafters were put up beside the pillar. The main material for the wall was clay and the material for the roof was a weed. Only 10㎡ was the usual dimensions for the floor space. The heating system in the habitation can be classified into two major systems, a furnace and a korean under-floor heating system. The first type of the habitation - a furnace - was the majority during the period and these types of houses were usually small. The furnace was located on the wall and the fire on the stove was used for heating and also for illumination. The second type of the habitations - a korean under-floor heating system - was the functionally better developed construction in this period. This system was good for heating, especially in the winter. The heat from the fire in the kitchen would go straight into the under-floor and the heat would then come into the room and wall for heating. The dwelling sites during the Yi-dynasty are classified into four periods according to the excavated remains. The first period is from the late 14th century to the early 15th century based on findings of fragments of celadon green porcelain. The second period is from the early 15th century to the late 16th century. In recording chronologically, during this second period there are increasing findings of fragments of Boon-Cheong porcelain. The third period is from the late 16th century to 19th century. In this period there are findings of two kinds of fragments which are Boon-Cheong porcelain and white porcelain (Beakja). From the 17th century to the late 18th century, the Boon-Cheong porcelain gradually vanished and the white porcelain appeared instead. The under-floor heating system appeared in the third period(the early 15th century to the 16th century). During the 16th century, there was a significant spreading of the uner-floor heating system. The reason of this could be due to the migrants who had started to settle down after the invasion of Japan(1592). The settlers after Japan’s invasion started to construct the under-floor heating system house. These settler were the poor regardless their social status. They lived in a slope of hill areas in a community including more than five families. The poor usually didn’t have anything except their manpower. On the one hands, they could only afford to live by being hired as farm by the neighbors and government. On the other hand, they brought wastelands under cultivation in order to make them their living grounds. Some poor people afforded their living with both farming and fishery. The remains of farming tools and fishing net sinkers which were found in a riverside near the habitation support this fact. Actually, they made their living by selling fish and marine products or eating them by themselves. And other poor people could survive through selling charcoal or pieces of earthenware. Sometimes they gave the vessel to their neighbors which had been made in their own pottery kiln.