4세기무렵 백제의 지방지배

A Study on the Paekche's Ruling System over the Local Area in the 4th Century

Recently, a historical theory has been in circulation, and has gained some acceptance. The theory states that the Paekche central government began, in the fourth century, building cities which they called “Tamro(檐魯)”. The Tamros were given administrative responsibility for the city and its surrounding countryside. This theory is based on two historical assumptions. One is that an article in Nihonshyoki(日本書紀) stated that “everything produced in a local district should be recorded there”. The other assumption is that the territory held by the Paekche was extensively expanded during the reign of King Kunchogo(近肖古). The theory remains groundless, however, since both assumptions are inaccurate. The article in Nihonshyoki wasn't written until the latter half of the fifth century and the territorial expansion under King Kunchogo, is generally regarded to be unrelated to the Tamro system. Furthermore, the actual implementation of the Tamro system probably didn't occur until the late fifth- or sixth-century. Paekche in the fourth century was actually under the "Pu(部)" system, considered an earlier phase of the Tamro system. The Pu is generally believed to be similar to the five-Pu system in Puyo(夫餘) and Koguryo(高句麗), which was centered around clan units. This article challenges the general agreement about the Pu system, in that it argues that the system in Paekche was modeled on the Pu system in china. The Chinese Pu system was established mostly on the Kingdom's frontiers with the intent of pacifying any resistance from the indigenous people, and absorbing them into a China-centered order. It appears Paekche had the same motives. The Pu system in Paekche undertook to draw the local gentry under the umbrella of the central government and thus, stabilize the regime. Supporting evidence for this argument can be found in fourth-century burial sites in Hwaseong-city(華城市), Kyonggi-do(京畿道). While the burial facilities and the manner of the interment are significantly different from the tombs of the ruling aristocracies, historical relics such as pottery appear quite similar. This demonstrates that the local leaders in Hwaseong were of a different clan than the ruling class in the central government and they were not independent socially, politically or economically. They were, however, structured under a central government system. By and large, Hwaseong in the fourth century was an outgrowth of the Pu system in Paekche.