일본 대륙낭인의 간도문제 개입과정

Japanese Ronins in Korean and Manchuria Intervene Process of Kando Issue

All of Ronin(浪人) in Korean and Manchuria, Japanese legation resident in Korea, the pro-Japanese group Ilginhoi(一進會) were deeply involved in Japanese policy of possessing Kando(間島）region. Especially in this report, I would like to focus on Ronins role in establishing the Kando policy putting together in five developmental stages of their involvement. First of all, Ronin were group of former samurai struggling for power in the Beonbeol(藩閥) defeated in the political dispute among the Naechpa(內地派) and Jeonghanpa(征韓派) and later became expansionists worked actively to enhance the prestige of Japan in the region of Korea and China. Especially Uchida Ryouhei, who is regarded as the second generation of the expansionist, insisted that Heukryongang(黑龍江) which is the border of Russia and China is the area where Japan should expand their territory. He pointed out that if Japan annexes Korea, there will be a territorial dispute among Korea, China and Russia concerning Kando region which is the border of these three nations and which means a strategically important position. After the Russo-Japanese War, Ronin asserted that there is a territorial dispute between Korea and China concerning Kando region and that Ilginhoi should be moved to Kando in order to cultivate the region. Secondly as Uchida had emphasized earlier, Kando region was grasped as strategically important region among Korea, China and Russia facing their borders. In the early stage, Kando region was occupied militarily by Russia after the incident of Euihwadan(義和團) in 1900 and was suggested by Korea to be joint-cultivation with China. For Japan, which had annexed Korea and was aware of the military and strategic importance of the region, was not able to give away Kando region to either China or Russia. Therefore Japan had developed the theory that Korea and Manchuria is inseparable and that if Japan give away Manchuria to Russia, Korean issue (annexation) would not be solved. Thus Japan had an intention of expanding their territory to both Kando and Manchuria region. After the Russo-Japanese peace conference, Japan yet anxious about getting to another war against Russia emphasized the political tactics importance of Kando region as an outpost base. Thirdly Song byong-joon took political asylum in Japan because of his anti-governmental activity and later participated Russo-Japanese war as an interpreter. He established pro-Japanese organization called Ilginhoi in the situation where war was in favorable to Japan under the maneuvering of Japanese legation resident in Korea and also Ronin were welcomed as advisory group and operated the organization practically. As Ronin had been claiming from the early stage, after the Russo-Japanese war the subject of Japanese territorial expansion became apparent to Korean annexation and Manchuria. Ronin were attempting to take advantages of Ilginhoi to annex Korea and expand their territory to the border of Manchuria and Korea which is Kando region. Especially Nkai Kinzo was ambitiously planning to emigrate all of one million members of Ilginhoi to Kando region and establish Kando republic. However Ilginhoi itself was not willing to dissolve so this plan was never attained. At the same time Japanese government which was intending to expand to Manchuria would not let the Ronin have control over Kando region where it is militarily and strategically important base that easily. However Ronin group succeeded to instigate Ilginhoi intensely to be interested in Kando region and finally succeeded for government to decide officially to be involved in the Kando territorial dispute. Government cooperated with the Ilginhoi and was not able to deny the influence of Ronin.