朝鮮後期 通信使隨行 倭學譯官 硏究

The Study on the “Yeogkwan” within “Tongshinsa” in the latter period of Joseon Dynasty

Joseon Tongshinsa(official delegations) was the official diplomatic mission of Joseon Dynasty which were sent to the king of Japan upon the request from Japan. In the latter period of Joseon Dynasty, Tongshinsa was dispatched for 12 times. The official purpose of the mission was to commemorate the “Makbu (幕府)”, for his promoted position as a king. However, the investigating the political affair of Japan and the desire to solve some diplomatic problems were the other purpose as well. Nearly 500 people of mission team in average were being sent to japan for each visiting. About 20 technician officers were included among them and they were called “Yeogkwan(譯官)” which can be literally translated as “translating officer”. They were composed of “Sangtongsa, Chasangtongsa, Apmultongsa, sotongsa and DangsangYeogkwan” Their main roles were the translating Japanese, investigating the political situation and the cultural exchangings which were required more practically. Although their diplomatic activity was absolutely crucial, there has been no considerable study about them so far. In my following research, I will examine the characteristics of Tongshinsa and their social position thoroughly. In the Chapter Ⅱ, first, I analyzed 99 Tongshinsa’s family roots, average ages and their position through the brief outlive for the 12 times of visiting. As a result of the analyzing the family names of the Yeogkwan, 20% of the family were succeeding Tongshinsa over generations. This proves that the distinguished family likely produced the highly experienced and skillful people than other unnotable families through the special exam for Japanese study in general. Secondly, it was obvious that the age and the experience were the crucial requirement to become Yeogkwan. I compared the period from the beginning point of the job to the actual performing of the professional point and the age distribution according to their different positions. Also I examined their official position before they became Tongshinsa Yeogkwan, their level of position, the final position after performing the mission and their father’s official position in order to look at their social position. As a result, their position were various from the “Chung 2 pum” to “Chung 9 pum”. The highest level started with “Dangsang Yeogkwan, Sangtongsa, Chasangtongsa and Apmultongsa”. Although the 21% of Yeogkwan (about 20 people among 99) were the middle class, they could gain the highest level of DangsangYeogkwan position. It was obvious that they deserved highly as much as the other high class officers did since the 93% of the actual performing Yeogkwan were positioned higher than “Chamsangkwan” Since over 79% of their father generation were occupying the Chamsangkwan position, it is obvious that the high level of Yeogkwan family were generated through the opportunity to become Tongshinsa. In the chapter Ⅲ, I examined the selection proceduce to be a Yeogkwan through the exams which were called “Wonshi, Nokchuichashi, Yeogkwa”. “DangsangYeogkwan” which were the higher position than “Chung 3 pum” were selected from the “Kyohoidangsang” through the “7 sa”. Apmultongsa was selected from the “kyohoi” and the experienced translaters among “Chongmin” In the chapter Ⅳ, I examined the classification of their tasks according to the tasks before when they performed the mission and when they were performing the mission First of all, the task before the mission were emphasizing the subdivision of the mission, and the task of the preparation and discussion in detail. Secondly the task during the mission were the practical translating, “Piroin sehwan” investigation the political affair of Japan and cultural exchanges. I’ve reached some conclusion through the examination and analysis mentioned above, firstly, Japanese study Yeogkwan were produced from the Yeogkwan family over generations.