만주와 한반도 지역의 탁자식 고인돌에 대한 고찰

A study on table type dolmens of Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula

1) Table type dolmens are typically found in areas of high elevation suitable for overseeing the surroundings, rather than in flat plains. In Manchuria and Kanghwa-do region, this type of dolmen are found near mountaintops, valleys, and at base of mountains. However, table type dolmens in the area south of Bukhan River, as well as in Chungchung-do and Jeolla-do, are distributed across small hills and plains. 3) The width of capstones does not vary significantly from Manchria down to the Kanghwa-do and Imjin River regions. However, capstone width becomes rather thicker near the Han River and the region to its south, becomes thickest in Chungchungnam-do, and then becomes thinner in the Jeolla-do region. Such differences in capstone width are suspected to be a reflection of differences in burial traditions. 4) Haesung Sukmoksung Dolmen of Yoryeongsung, Kaejoo Sukboongsan Dolmen, Eunyul Kwansanri Dolmen, Kanghwa Boogeunri Dolmen, Ansan Sunboodong Dolmen, and Gochang Dosanri Dolmen are all large table type dolmens that most likely served as alters, demarcation for cemetaries, or tribal symbols. This is indicated by the facts that: ① they are located in areas with a clear view in all directions, ② when found among a collection of graves, they are significantly larger than the surrounding dolmens, with the burial space facing a different direction, and ③ there have been hardly any burial-related artifacts excavated among these dolmens. 5) In the case of Kyonggi region, the dolmens of Kanghwa-do seem to have influenced the dolmens of the region along the western coastline down to Ansan Sunbu-dong, as well as well as the dolmen of Deokeun-ri near lower Imjin River. In addition, Yangsu-ri Dolmen of middle Han River seems to have influenced the dolmens along Kyongan River in the regions of Yongin Wangsan-ri, Joobook-ri, and Yongin Sangha-ri (near upper Ansung River). It is suspected that the Sangha-ri dolmen has been influenced by the Han River region because table type dolmens are not found in areas as far as Hongsung in Chungchungnam-do, which is more than 80km away. 6) Based on the facts that ① when moving southward from the Han River basin the number of table type dolmens shrink quickly and the capstones become very thick in width, ② large, highly precise box-like dolmens (like the dolmens of Kaejoo Sukboongsan and Eunyul Kwansan-ri )cease to be found, ③ dolmens with supporting stones higher than 1.5m can be rarely found, and ④ the culture of erecting dolmens just like the dolmens of Manchuria, Daedong River rehions and Kanghwa-do region)along mountain ridges or at the base of mountains disappear, one can see that there are many differences between the dolmens in the south area of the Han River and those in the north area of the river. These differences seem to be a result of cultural differences between regions within Kojoseon and those outside.