발해의 왕권과 대중국무역

Sovereigns of Balhae(渤海) and Trade toward T’ang

It seems that in earlier period of Mun Wang(文王), Balhae established trade network. Mun Wang set the political system and trading system in good condition through improving the relationships with T’ang. Mun Wang also opened the Rout to Silla(新羅道) and activated inventional trades. Balhae got an political and trade advantage over Silla through standing neutral between T’ang government and rebel army during An Lu-Shan rebellion, and Goguryeo displaced person, Yi Jeong-ki(李正己) adequate diplomacy. We can know the fact by the frequency of dispatch of a diplomatic envoy to T’ang(遣唐使). This article induct the trade between Balhae and the Chicheong Garrison(淄靑藩鎭) by trade goods, route to T’ang and activities of delegation. Balhae’s domination of trade with T’ang over Silla lasted till 819, extinction of Chicheong Garrison or 828, establishment of the Cheonghae Garrison(淸海鎭). Sun Wang(宣王) revived Balhae by conquering Malgal(靺鞨) people and improving the national systems. It was Mun Wang that set the national boundaries and administrative districts, five capitals(京) fifteen pu(府) sixty two ju(州). By these, local governor’s power shrank. Balhae conciliated local governor too. In 828, Wang Ijin(大彛震) reshuffled the cabinet to cope with the Silla’s domination over East Asia overseas trades. Wang Ijin took the advantage of relations with Japan by the death of Chang Po-Go(張保皐). He restored the diplomatic relationship with T’ang-Japan. Sun Wang’s efforts to restore the country came true. It lasted from Sun Wang to Wang Hyunsuk(大玄錫). Balhae got the title of ‘flourishing land in the East(海東盛國)’ from T’ang. By these efforts, Balhae continued energetic trade with T’ang till her extinction. Balhae’s activate trade to T’ang left footmarks on 8th～9th century and laid the foundation of the trade with Khitan (契丹) and Jurchen(女眞) in 10th century.