한국 思想史上 主神佛과 그 성격

The main god and Buddha in Korean history

The aboriginal main deity of ancient times in Korea was Heaven God (天神; Hananim). After Buddhism came to Korea, the beliefs of Heaven God and Buddha formed coexistence system. Thereafter, ṡakyamuni―Buddha(釋迦牟尼佛), Vairocana―Buddha(毘盧遮那佛,), Cheon(天), Hananim(하나님), and Jeseok(帝釋 ; ṡakrodevendra) became the powerful deity in Korean history. Jeseok was the mighty folklore god in shaman’s 12 ceremony performance and ‘Jeseokbonpuri(帝釋本풀이)’ was the most famous poems in shaman’s epic. Vairocana-buddha and ṡakyamuni―Buddha became the main Buddhas. Therefore, Buddhist sanctums that enshrine either of these Buddhas showed a marked trend. Heaven god was worshiped in the best rank by Woungu(圓丘) system. Woungu ceremony was closed in the Sejo(世祖;1455-1469) period of Choseon (朝鮮) dynasty, but transformed performance of Woungu continued intermittently. The king Gojong(高宗;1864-1907) who declared the De―Han(大韓) Emperor, rebuilded the Woungu(圓丘). On the other hand, Hananim is worshipped in people’s aboriginal religion as “Donghak(東學)”. The christian missionary thought “Hananim” was similar to Jehovah at the end of Choseon dynasty. But, Roman Catholics interpreted “Jehovah” as “Cheonju(天主)”. Virocana and the Sakyamuni-Buddha had a character of concentrating multi Buddhas to one. “Han(한)” implied the compounded meaning of one and Heaven in Korean aboriginal languages.