高麗末 北方 流民과 推刷

The Displaced Persons in the North and Chushoi(推刷) during the Late Koryo Period

" This study aimed to find out how the national institutionary mechanism for population control had actually been administered on the spot during the period between 1230, when the war against Mongol broke out, and the fall of Koryo. For this purpose the background and actual conditions of the occurring of the displaced persons to the north were analysed and the family registers and the contents of the census control management were reviewed. It was also intended to show the entity of Koryo’s policy toward the displaced persons by examining closely how the Chushoi(推刷) for the displaced persons was fulfilled and how Koryo and Won(元) respectively dealt with that same trouble. In Chapter I the background and the reality of the growth of the displaced persons were examined. At the beginning of the 1230’s Koryo was suffering from severe internal and external trials. Internally with total contradicton accumulated since the military govern, Koryo was under pressure from Mongol’s mighty military power. Choiwoo(崔瑀), ruler at that period, transferred the capital from Gaekyung(開城) to Gangwha(江華) for the cause of the war against Mongol, which took as long as 30 years to end. The damage of the people caused by the war was enormous. Still the seriousness of Koryo’s rapid population decrease was caused by the growth of the displaced persons rather than the casualties in the war. Concrete records indicate that there appeared various types of displaced persons from Koryo after the war. Especially in the northern part of Koryo a great number of the inhabitants left their home either voluntarily or by force. In Chapter 2 the family registers and the census management of Koryo were reviewed. The family registers had been made and managed from early Koryo Period. The family registration of Koryo made by the Law of Inbo(隣保法) continued till the early Chosun Period. It was after the war against Mongol when breaches of the registration law began and troubles arose with census management. Though Koryo had some institutionary mechanisms and made efforts to solve the problem of population, its poor administration caused it to fall into disorder. In Chapter 3 cases of Chushoi for the displaced persons was examined. It started regularly in 1274, the year King Chungryul(忠烈王) was crowned. Concrete cases of chushoi during 4 typical periods were reviewed. The first 6 cases between 1274 and 1280 were all made in Dongnyung-bu(東寧府). Thirteen cases in the second period between 1281 and 1350 show that the areas of Chushoi became divergent. They were not very effective because the actual process was complicated and difficult. In the third period all of the 5 cases were about the displaced persons from Won. The last period was from King Gongmin(恭愍王) through the fall of Koryo. Koryo tried to take advantage of the fall of Won as an opportunity to settle the troubles of displaced persons, but it raised a conflict between Koryo and Ming(明), which didn’t want Koryo to become stronger with the displaced persons from Yoshim District(遼瀋地域). In the end Koryo met the misfortune to fall caused by the unsettlement of the displaced persons to the north. In the last chapter, Chapter 4, Koryo’s policy on the displaced persons was treated. One of the two goals of the policy was to restrain and prevent the occurrence of the displaced persons; the other goal was the solve the problems of population decrease raised after the occurrence of the displaced persons. To prevent the occurrence of the displaced persons ⓛ Koryo took appeasement, relief, and exemption or reduction of tax policies, ② improved the institutions for administering the census registration and observing by the officials. To those who had already become displaced persons. ③ they took Chushoi to bring them back, or ④ they acknowledged those who had already been living in Manchuria (滿洲) or Won as displaced persons and utilized them.