童猛哥帖木兒의 建州左衛硏究

Study on T’ong-meng-keh Timur’s Chien-chou-tso-wei

The dynasty of Ming China was inclined to clear everything Mongolian away but in the meantime was determined to occupy the fromer domain of Yüan in its entirety. So Ming China set up a local government of Cheol-ryeong (Tieh-ling-wei 鐵嶺衛), and announced its establishment to Goryeo(Korea), declaring Ming’s own territorial right to this area. But its claim getting frustrated after all, Ming began to appease the Jurchen Tartars in the area, while forbidding Goryeo from making advances to them. With the accession of Ch’eng-tsu(成祖) to the throne in Ming the Chinese Jurchen policies grew ever stricter with Goryeo. Ming made plain to the Yi Korea its intent to rule over the Jurchens in the northeastern districts, then under the command of Li-ye-li Pu-hua(李亦里不花) who held the title of Yeo-jin-cheon-ho(女眞千戶, governor of a thousand houses) at Cham-san(參散, present-day Bug-cheong, 北靑), an appointment from Korea, and other chieftains in eleven places. However, Ming had to yield later to Yi Korea’s diplomatic offensive conceding the control of this area to Korea. Never again would Ming claim rights to this area. When Ming withdrew its policies of appeasement of Li-ye-li Pu-hua, however, it began to lure another chieftain of the Jurchen , T’ong-meng-keh Timur(童猛哥帖木兒), who held the office of Man-ho(萬戶, governor of ten thousands houses) at Wu-tu-li(吾都里) on the opposite shore of San-hsing(三姓) of Chih-lin Prefecture(吉林省) in Manchuria. This Meng-keh Timur had been appointed to the office of an-he by King Tae-jo(太祖) of the Yi Korea in the earlier period of the Yi dynasty and lived at Hoe-ryeong(會寧), but entered Ming China, accepting Ming’s invitation. Because he had been a resident of Hoe-ryeong, the Korean government was unable to claim its jurisdiction over this Meng-keh Timur, unlike in the case of Li-ye-li Pu-hua, and so Meng-keh Timur could go and live in Ming for some time unmolested by Korea before returning to Hoe-ryeong for good. After return to Hoe-ryeong, Meng-keh Timur remained submissive to Ming. But another chieftain, Yang-mu-ta-ol(楊木答兀), who kept his headquarters at K’ai-yüan(開原) was defiant to Ming and afterwards killed Meng-keh Timur out of disgust at the latter’s submission to Ming. Yang-mu-ta-ol also lived at Hoe-ryeong, and therefore Ming asked the efforts of Korea’s good offices for the release of its nationals taken prisoners by him. But Korea, too, failed to help free Ming’s nationals taken by Yang-mu-ta-ol, as had Meng-keh Timur failed in his lifetime. Yang’s defiance had been so fierce as to drive his younger brother Yang Man-pi (楊滿皮) off to Ming by way of Korea. A pro-Ming, Man-pi had offended Yang-mu-ta-ol considerably.