中ㆍ日에 比해 본 韓國의 殉葬

Korean Customs of Sacrificed Burial(殉葬) Comparing with Chinese and Japanese Customs

The articles on Korean customs of sacrificed burial can be found only in the passages of Puyo(夫餘), Chapter “Tongichun”(東夷傳, Records on Eastern Savage), Samguk-Chi(Chinese History of Three Kingdpms), the records on King Tongchun(東川) and King Chijung (智證), Samguk-Sagi (Historical Records of Three Kingdoms), and some records on Chinese customs of sacrificed burial, Sejong Sitlok. Since Korean own materials on sacrificed burial are not left enough to develop Korean customs, it is natural that some cases of Korea should compare with them of China and Japan. Of course, archaeologlcally can be Korean cases identified. Among the tombs ever unearthed in Korea, in a couple of grave of Yangsan (梁山) there were not only a couple of corpses, but also other three bodies, and on November, 1967, six bodies together in a grave of Changryung(昌寧), Kyungsang-Namdo. These are all the customs of their being buried together for sacrifice. In Korean customs of sacrificed burial there are two ways, of which one is to bury them alive, and another is to bury corpses after killing them. Examining these Korean customs of sacrificed burial, one can find out in the passages of Puyo, Chapter “Tongichun,” Samguk-Ehi a mistake of records that there were only burial caskets, but no outer coffins, in Korea. In fact, for the purpose of burying a lot of bodies, outer coffins should be prepared. Social status of which they were buried for sacrifice was not consistent, but most of them were subjects and servants under their master. Some scholars insist that social status of being buried for sacrifice was slaves, but it cannot be identified for the time being. Since the way to kill one for burial was barbarious act, instead of man, usually, man-shaped or animal-shaped-vessels were buried in the tomb. These evidence can be proved by the horse-riding-shaped pottery unearthed in Korea, too. In Japan potter’s Haniwa(埴輪 earthern images) was clay dolls and wooden figures. In short, Korean customs of sacrificed burial disappeared earlier than those of China and Japan.