高麗ㆍ宋ㆍ遼의 三角貿易攷

On the Intertrade between the Sung, Liao and Koryo Dynasty

The conflict between the Sung(宋) and Liao(遼) dynasty was terminated with the treaty of Chan-yüan(澶淵) in 1004 A.D. Fllowing the treaty, the Sung dynasty concerned herself with the persuit of peace; on the other hand, the Liao dynasty i. e. the empire of the khi tan tribe were dependent on the Sung dynasty for the alleviation of their economical difficulties. The khitan tribe demanded that a common market(互市) be established. The Sung dynasty accessed to this demand in order to control the Liao dynasty economy. Ultimately, the Sling dynasty imposed a partial embargo on products being exported to the Liao dynasty territories. Because of such a policy the Liao dynasty were confronted with continuous economical difficulties. Consequently the Liao dynasty became dependent on the Koryo dynasty with whom she maintained a tenuous alliance. At the same time the Koryo dynasty had traded with the Sung dynasty, which were implicitly recognized by the Liao dynasty. Some goods imported by the Koryo dynasty from the Sung dynasty were later re-exported to the Liao dynasty. although the Sung dynasty policy was to prevent these goods from going to the Liao dynasty. The triangular trading between the dynasties together with the smuggling of prohibeted goods were done mostly by the Sung dynasty merchants. They helped toward solving the economic difficulties of the Liao dynasty. This was especially true in 1085 A.D., when trading between the Sung dynasty and Koryo dynasty, which had temporaly lapsed, but resumed again. With this resumption of trade, the many Sung merchants became involved in large scale smuggling with the Liao dynasty, pretending they were trading with the Koryo dynasty. As a rasult, the Sung dynasty suspended trade with the Koryo dynasty in order to eridicate this contraband trading Consequently, all trading between the Koryo and Sung dynasty was suspended for 4 years between 1090~1093 A. D.