古新羅·伽郁古墳의 編年에 關하여

A Study on Chronicle of Old Silla and Kaya Tombs - Mai nl y Crowns Excavated in Old Tombs

It is of the most importance for us to set up the chronicle of ancient mounds in figuring out the bui1ding period of Three Kingdoms(Silla, Paekch.e, and Kokoorye) tombs. The establishment of tomb chronicle is very indispensab1e in order to grasp and then examine close1y the period of the triangu1ar position of Three Kingdoms. F,ortunate1y, it is possib1e to set up the chronicle of ancient tombs, because Ho-u Tomb represents the clear time. In this treatise, 1 tried to set up the chronicle in the result of researohing the main excavated remains-the crowns, earings, gold bands, and knives-and refering to the chronicle of old Silla to mbs. Ⅰ. The Structure of Ancient Tombs in which Crowns were Found and Those Distributing Spots. The tombs of Old Silla are main1y distributed at Whangnam Dong, Kyo Dong, Rodong Dong, Rose Dong, Pomun Dong, and Whangoh Dong in the Capita1 City of Kyungchoo. The structure of tombs is called Cheksok Mokkwak Pun. The process is the following : The ob1ong grave was vertically dug and a wood case was put into the pit, and the coffin made of wood was 1a仗， and above the wood coffin stream stones were pi1e吐up ， and then above stones soi1 was covered. There are two kinds of mound: one mound which contained more the two coffins, the other \vhich contained on1y one coffin. The tombs of Kaya are centra1ized round Rakdong River where Six Kayas ho1d those court,especially Da1sung, Koryung, Changyung, Sung- choo, Sunsan, Eusung, and Yangsan. The structure was classified into three kinds: Stone Case Mound of ertical Orifice Style, Stone Mound of Transversal Style, which belongs to Vertical Orifice, and Stone Mound of Transversal Orifice. Ⅱ. Crowns and Remains Necessary to Research of the Chronicle of Old Mounds. 1. Crowns. A crown consists of an exterior cap, an interior, and another. The forms to overlap the Chinese character (ill, which means a mountain) shape and the form to fix an antler were decorated at the ring of an exterior cap. In the fron t of an interior cap, a bird style and bird fea ther form was formed. The interior of ring, which is touched at head, was added to the cap of barks of birch or of gold silver. The Kaya crown is the same form as the Silla crowns which were originated from the former. 2. Re1ics Indispensable to Research of the Chronic1e of Old Mounds. There are many kinds of reamins. Among those e8rings, bands, and knives are representative works. The earings of Old Si11a and Kaya are together c1assified into three types-plain ring style, thin ring, and thick ring. The gold band, the decoration of leather belt, is formally divided into three kinds (a) plain links are added to the plate of Bochoo (heart form) style, (b) the plate is the form of trileaves, and (c) the oblong plate on which Tangcho letters were ingraved. Large knives are classified into the knife head which is plainly ring, which is formed as trileaves ring, which is three rings, and \yhich is figured as the semi-eIIiptic form. In Old Silla the knife head is de· corated with a single dragon, and with two dragons. Ⅲ. The Relation between the Chronicle of Old Tombs and Relics. 1. The Change of the Structure of Ancient Tombs and the Relation Between Crowns and Remains. In Old Silla the tomb pattern is changed as the following: from the tomb structure of a family grave to a couple with a side coffin, to only couple grave, and then a single coffin grave. Because the Stone Case Mound of Vertical Orifice Style is preceding to the Stone Mound of Transversal Style which belongs to Vertical Orifice, the changing process of crowns, earings, gold bands, and large knives is researched. on the basis of the 59th Mound and 1st Stone Coffin of the 37th Mound in Dalse Myn. 2. The Chronicle of Old Si1la and Kaya Tombs.