公共部門과 國家財政의 範疇

The Public Sector in Korea: Coverage, Measurement and Classification

The choice of which institutions are to be counted as a part of government is based on their nature and whether they fall within the definition of government. The government of a country consists of the public authorities and their instrumentalities, which perform primarily the functions of fulfilling certain public purposes not for commercial or financial reasons, financed mainly by compulsory levies on units in other sectors. Nonfinancial public sector, which constitutes the outer limit of what GFS of IMF is concerned with, consists of the general government sector plus nonfinancial public enterprises. Both SNA and GFS manuals provide a classification scheme which allows for solving boundary problems between the public sector and the private sector. Korean government officials and many economists seem to believe the budget(i.e., general and special account) and the so-called public funds are the only contents of the general government in Korea. Following SNA and GFS manuals, however, this volume examines which institutions are to be counted as general government and nonfinancial public sector in Korea. The most important findings of this book are: 1) Most of the so-called non public funds are to be included in general government, since they are same in nature as public funds; 2) Special corporations, whose total number is surveyed to reach 150-200, are to be regarded as producers of government services. The providers of non-profit services which are controlled by government should be also included in general government.