마태오 리치의 적응주의 선교와 서학서 중심의 문서선교의 상관성에 관한 고찰

A Study on the Interrelationship between Adaptationism Mission of Matteo Ricci and Western Book Mission

This study is to examine how Western Book Mission, which was used for dialogue with society and culture of China in those days, affects the missionary work in Matteo Ricci’s policy of adaptationism mission. Jesuit adaptationism mission was promoted by Xavier, Valignano, Ruggieri, Ricci, De Nobili, and so on. But book mission in East Asia was started by Valignano and Ricci worked for it. Ricci studied book mission that Valignano made an attempt in Japan and appreciated the cultural difference between Japan and China. Also he observed reaction of doctrine books published by Ruggieri and realized that they became popular from western missionaries for learning Chinese language but didn’t appeal much to Chinese. Therefore, he tried to approach them indirectly. It is to stimulate Chinese intellectuals’ curiosity and provide modern conveniences for them. Therefore, Chinese intellectuals displayed their intellectual power through western book mission. It caused scientific and agricultural revolution, and resulted in Enlightenment among western intellectuals. However, according to Missiology, western book mission was far from the Gospel in the respect of ambiguous limitation between missionary work and cultural activities, such as bureaucratization of clergy, and elite mission. It could receive critical evaluation microscopically, but, in macroscopic view, it helped to open the closing national policy by moving forward Chinese modernization through scientific western books, accept Christianity by moving up the religious freedom, and promote the people’s enlightenment. Eventually the western books contributed to missionary work in any way. Consequently, this is not a simple book mission limited in theological, pastoral and missional scope like today, but a synthetic and multidimensional missionary model.