Students’ Learning Process of Input Processing and Output-enriched Consciousness-raising Instruction

This study provides a qualitative analysis of the production data to discover students learning process of input processing instruction and output-enriched consciousness-raising instruction on the target forms: the English present perfect and past simple tenses. The primary goal of this study is to analyze the learners’ errors on the target forms and to find out their learning processes according to rule difficulty and by levels. The participants of this study are 52 Korean students from a University. The students first took a pretest and received each instruction, and then they took a posttest. A delayed posttest was then administered to the students. The study results did not reveal a difference between the instructional types. The results showed that the most frequent errors of both the target forms were misusing the tenses, which is replacing the English past simple tense for different tenses, “misusing the root verbs”, and “inserting ‘be’”. Specifically, for English present perfect tense, many learners show their lack of knowledge of the past participle form adjoining the auxiliary “have”. Concerning the learners’ level, the low-level learners acquired its meaning first, and then they acquired the form. In contrast, for high-level learners, distinguishing meanings were more difficult than making correct forms for the target forms.