松遼分水嶺與南北文化區域的界限

Songliao watershed and boundary of South and north cultural areas

만약 역사상에서의 동북부지역을 두개의 문화지역으로 나눈다면, 남북한계선은 송료(松遼)지역의 분수령(分水岭)일 것이다. 중국의 연나라, 진나라, 한나라, 명나라가 모두 만리장성을 수리하였고 만리장성은 남북문화구역의 한계선으로서 송료지역의 분수령에 있다. 예컨대 요나라, 금나라, 원나라시기는 장성을 수리하지 않았지만 실제적으로는 그 한계선도 송료지역의 분수령이다. 그 원인은 무엇일까? 지리적 환경이 중요요인이라고 생각한다. 송료지역의 분수령의 남부의 주민들은 대부분이 중원에서 온 이주민으로서 자기들의 고향과 비슷한 환경의 지역을 찾으려고 애썼는데 송료지역이 바로 그들의 조건에 부합되었다. 또한 남부 지역에서 받는 인구압력과 북부지역의 부족들의 역량인 “정탁(頂托)”도 이 한계선을 유지하는 주요한 사회적 요인이라고 할 수 있다. 청나라 중기, 남부지역에서 오는 압력이 커지면서 북부부족들의 “정탁(頂托)” 역량이 점차 소실되자 이주민들은 북부지역으로 이동하면서 동북문화 구역이 근본적 변화를 가져왔다.

If history is divided into two cultural regions of Northeast, then the dividing line between north and south divide in Songliao. Yan, Qin, Han, Ming are the Great Wall, the Great Wall became the boundaries of cultural regions north and south; Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties do not repair the Great Wall, but the northeastern region of North-South cultural watershed boundaries are still in the Songliao, the difference is only in the southern and northern edges of the edge of it. What causes of the Great Wall and not the Great Wall region north and south boundaries of cultural watershed in Songliao? Geographical environment is an important factor, regardless of climate, vegetation and fauna, Liaohe River and Songhua rivers are very different, so some geographers tend to the south of the Liaohe River watershed was placed under the north, while the Songhua River Basin Plan go northeast, roughly the dividing line between the two watersheds in the southern Songliao edge. Songliao divide North and South this obvious geographical differences, a direct impact on the population and culture in Northeast distribution. Because for a long period of time, the Northeast and out of the southern population are quite frequent, south and north of the population are gathered in the north central plains population of the Liao River Basin. From south to north migration of the population mainly from the north, they have to find a similar geographical home, and the case of the Liao River Basin watershed south of the base to meet their requirements. And other social factors, such as from the southern population “pressure”, and the power of the northern tribes, “Backwater,” maintaining cultural boundaries is an important factor in the Songliao divide. Mid-Qing dynasty, especially after a hundred years of Kangxi and Qianlong, the rapid population increase in the Central Plains, south of Songliao watershed population of nearly saturated, the population started to become the output region; After many years of migration since the early Qing Dynasty, a significant reduction in the population north of Songliao watershed, the remaining population are assigned to the Eight Banners, that is, the original northern tribes of the “backwater” effect disappears, these are the watershed for the immigrants to break through the geographical Songliao conditions, the rapid northward to create a favorable environment. Thus, with the northward migration, the Northeast region have a fundamental cultural change.