미국 여성과 또 하나의 역사

American Woman and Herstory : The Struggle for ‘Equality’ and ‘Liberation’

A half century ago. American historian Mary Beard wrote that woman always acted at the center of life. The significance of women’s activities, however, has often been discounted and rarely been understood Inspired initially by the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, some American historians redefined the very nature of historical study. The rise of social history has shifted the focus to ordinary people, including women and minorities. The second wave of American women’s movement in the 1960s revealed the neglect of the historical activities of women. Women’s history scholarship has also changed many other areas of history. It does not simply add women to the pictures we already have the past but repaint the pictures in many ways. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the history of American Women. In so doing, this study discusses the experience of the American women in their perspectives. The first American Women were Native American women. The religious. economic, and political roles that they played within their own societies prior to the arrival of Europeans suggest that Native American and European women held dramatically different ideas about what women and men should be and should do. Puritan ministers stressed the equality of each soul in the eyes of God and the responsibility of each believer to read the Bible. The Puritan community, however, was unforgiven to women who failed to serve the needs of godly men in their strictly hierarchical community. The years of the early republic were a time of profound social and political change. Those who articulated the ideology of Republican Motherhood sought, to draw together the political, biological and economic reality experienced by white women, and to redefine the role of women in the Post-Revolutionary era. In fact, black women did not experience sexism the same way white women did. For black women, race and sex cannot be separated. On the other hand, white women endured their own race-determined sexism. The silence and submissiveness demanded for them, and their inability to own property rested on a notion of feminity. In the nineteenth century, the boundaries between home and market, domestic sphere and public sphere, were far more permeable than once assumed. The reformulation of a feminist ideology in the 1960s dated to Betty Frieden and her book. 『The Feminine Mystique』. The reemergent feminism drew on many sources, including federal policies, legislation and reform that marked the decade. Several new organizations emerged to actively champion the feminist cause, the struggle for ‘equality’ and ‘liberation.’ Overall, the experience of American women since the start of the century has brought both triumphs and disappointments.