집단수준의 공정성풍토와 집단수준의 조직시민행동

The Relationship between Group-Level Justice Climate and Group-Level OCB : Mediating Effect of Team Commitment

그동안의 공정성과 조직시민행동(OCB)에 관한 연구는 주로 개인수준에서 이루어져 왔다. 이에 따라 집단수준에서의 공정성풍토와 OCB의 관계에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어지지 못하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 집단수준에서의 공정성과 OCB의 관계에 대하여 다룸으로서, 연구의 범위를 확장함과 동시에 최근 집단(팀) 위주로 운영되고 있는 조직에게 실무적 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 집단수준에서의 공정성풍토가 분배, 절차, 상호작용 유형에서 모두 존재하는가를 우선적으로 살펴보고, 둘째, 이러한 여러 유형의 공정성풍토가 집단수준의 OCB와 어떠한 관계를 갖는가에 대한 검증하였다. 마지막으로 공정성풍토가 집단수준의 OCB에 영향을 미치는 메커니즘을 규명하였다. 국내의 79개 팀을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 집단수준에서 분배, 절차, 상호작용공정성풍토가 모두 존재한다는 사실을 확인하였으며, 집단수준의 공정성풍토가 집단수준의 OCB와 긍정적 관계를 가지고 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 그리고 팀몰입은 상호작용공정성 풍토가 집단수준의 대인대상 OCB의 관계에서의 매개효과를 가짐을 밝혔다. 특히 분배와 절차, 상호작용과 절차공정성풍토의 팀몰입에 대한 상호작용효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구가 갖는 이론적 시사점은 첫째, 공정성과 OCB 연구의 분석수준을 집단수준으로 확대하였다는 점, 둘째, 여러 유형의 공정성풍토 및 팀몰입이 집단수준의 OCB에 대하여 갖는 긍정적 효과의 규명하였다는 점, 셋째, 집단수준에서의 팀몰입의 매개효과를 확인하였다는 점이다. 또한 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 실무적 시사점 및 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

This study examined the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior at a group-level. Prior researches on organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior have focused on the individual-level. Hence, this study tried to expand the level of analysis on organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, as organizations are recently adopting a team-based work system, this study attempted to provide some practical implications. The objectives of this study were three-fold. First, we tried to identify whether justice climate existed in all three types, namely distributive, procedural, and interactional justice climate, existed as antecedents of group-level organizational citizenship behavior. Also, we examined the relationship between justice climates and group-level organizational citizenship behavior. Second, we pioneered the underlying mechanism between justice climate and group-level organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, we examined the interactive effects between distributive justice climate and procedural justice climate and those of between interactional justice climate and procedural justice climate on team commitment. We sampled 79 teams from 17 Korean firms in several industries. The results showed positive relationships between distributive justice climate and group-level organizational citizenship behavior-organization (OCB-O), and between interactional justice climate and group-level organizational citizenship behavior-individual (OCB-I). Also procedural and interactional justice climate were positively related to team commitment. Regarding the mediating effect of team commitment on the relationship between justice climate and group-level OCB, only the relationship between interactional justice climate and group-level OCB-I was significant. Lastly, there were significant interactive effects between distributive and procedural justice climate, and between interactional and procedural justice climate on team commitment. The positive influence of procedural justice climate on team commitment was stronger when distributive justice climate was low. Also when interactional justice climate was low, the relationship between procedural justice climate and team commitment was stronger. We provided here some theoretical implications. First, we identified several types of justice climate and team commitment as antecedents of group-level OCB. Second, we expanded the research on organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior to the group-level phenomenon. Also, we found the mediating role of team commitment on the relationship between justice climate and group-level OCB. We also presented some practical implications and future research directions.