프랭클린 루즈벨트의 '경제적 자유' 재개념화와 경제적 권리선언'

Franklin Roosevelt's Re-conceptualization of Economic Freedom and an Economic Declaration of Rights

The Second Bill of Rights, which was declared by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944, attempted to protect both opportunity and security, by creating rights to employment, adequate food, education, and medical care. Looking forward, Roosevelt envisioned an America in which the fruits of economic growth would be more widely shared. The presidency of Roosevelt was culminated in this Economic Bill of Rights. The Second Bill of Rights, also called as an Economic Declaration of Rights, had its origins in a report of the National Resources Planning Board, a White House planning agency. The board suggested Roosevelt declare his prescription for the renewal of activist government in a new Bill of Rights. However, such an idea would not have appeared novel to Roosevelt, as he had already developed the economic constitutional order even before he became the President of the United States. The origins of the Second Bill of Rights therefore can be traced to the early days of Roosevelt's New Deal and to his first campaign address for the presidency when he proposed an economic declaration of rights that entailed a right to make a comfortable living. The Second Bill of Rights was also a product of America's experience with the desperation of the Great Depression and the War. Therefore, this paper attempts to trace the way in which political philosophy of Franklin Roosevelt was transformed into the Economic Declaration of Rights, and how he expanded the meaning of the freedom, rights, and liberalism. As Roosevelt tried to build the countervailing power of the people, New Deal liberalism came to be seen as a way to protect the unorganized who occupied weak positions in the economy. But some of the New Deal reforms were left undone, and even the major goals of the Second Declaration of Rights have remained mostly unaccomplished and largely forgotten.