서부 부랴트족의 샤머니즘에 대한 성서적 고찰

This article sheds light on shamanism of Western Buryats through the mediation of Petrov-Madason’ version of Abai Geser hero-epic from the biblical viewpoint, focusing on its cosmology, social and family ethics, ecological viewpoint and economic ethics. The Abai Geser epic includes similarities with biblical cosmology: triple structure of the Universe; wars between good and bad spiritual beings in heaven and short-term and limited control of evil spirits over human beings in the human world; Messianism of God being transformed into human as Savior of human beings; necessity of community-centric and environment-friendly ethical and moral rules in spiritual, social, tribal and economic dimensions, etc. On the other hand, this epic is characterized by shamanist utopianism and hybridity of theocentrism and anthropocentrism, including the superiority of anthropocentric and secular values to pure spiritual values; good gods’ and bad gods’ almost identical ways of waging wars such as deceit, conceit, military forces, shamanist magic arts, etc.; and ambiguities in Geser’s reaction to his three wives’ wrongdoings. From the biblical viewpoint, messianic and utopian elements in the Abai Geser epic may be attributed to the activation of human innate desire for savior’s coming and realization of utopia, driven by direct and indirect influence of biblical texts and other Christian or non-Christian religious texts on the epic bard, Petrov in many different paths. In the future, it would be desirable to analyze the intertextuality of the epic in the structural and historical dimension, and search for biblical risk management structures for Buryats in East Siberia by integrating good elements in the epic into the biblical structures.