기혼 여성의 자격 보유와 노동시장에서의 자격의 효과 분석

The Effects of Married Women' Professional Qualification on Their Employment, Wage, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment in Labor Market Situatio

자격은 개인의 직업능력과 경제적 가치를 향상시킬 뿐 만 아니라 기업에서 필요한 새로운 인력공급을 용이하게 하고 노동이동을 촉진시키는 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한, 취업효과 및 임금효과를 기대하거나 업무능력향상을 통해 직무만족을 높이고 더 나은 직장으로의 이직을 계획하는 재직근로자의 경우에도 자격은 매우 중요한 신호기제로서의 기능을 하기도 한다. 이러한 자격의 효과에 대하여는 여러 가지 시도들이 이루어지고 있으나, 우리나라 경제활동참가 여성의 주요한 계층이라 할 수 있는 기혼여성들의 자격보유 및 활용성에 대한 연구는 미비하게 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 기혼여성의 자격보유에 따른 노동시장에서의 자격의 효과를 실증 분석하는 것이다. 한국노동패널자료를 활용하여 기혼여성의 자격보유 실태를 파악한 결과, 기혼여성의 자격보유율은 매우 낮은 것(17.0%)으로 나타났으며, 연령이 젊을수록, 학력이 높을수록, 직업훈련 경험이 있을수록 자격보유율은 높은 것으로 파악하였다. 자격의 효과 측면에서는 취업측면에서 유의미한 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났고, 임금, 직무만족, 조직몰입측면에서 유의미한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Many Qualification is an index, which explains value of human resource, and a representative signal mechanism that links job training market and labor market. It has an important role which not only enhances personal career capability and economic value but also facilitates supply of new recruits needed from company and promotes labor migration. Moreover,‘qualification’functions as a very important signal mechanism also in case of workers at office who expect job effect or wage effect, who enhance job satisfaction at the company by better job capability, and who plan to transfer to better workplace. On the effectiveness of such qualification, various attempts are tried while there are inadequate research on the condition and utilization of qualification possession of married women who can be said as the major class of economically active females in Korea. This research is an empirical analysis on the condition and effectiveness of the qualification of married women at labor market. According to the survey of Korea Labor Panel for the actual status of qualification possession of married women, the rate was 17.0% (650 women). For age-specific distribution, possession rate of qualification of young women in their twenties was highest, and the rate was getting lower with age. and the higher the academic achievement and the more they have experience in job training, the higher the qualification possession rate. In the analysis of effectiveness of qualification, it is shown that there is no significant effect from the aspect of employment and wage effects. From the aspect of wage effect, acquisition of qualification is shown to be effective to the raise of wage, but there is no influence in the wage effect according to the type of qualification. Moreover, it is found that both of job satisfaction and organizational commitment have positive influence on married women, however, job satisfaction and organizational commitment according to the type of qualification do not have an influence. It is implicated that married women’s job capability according to their acquisition of qualification has positive influence in labor market.