華嚴十地說의 修行觀 고찰

A Consideration of the Ascetic Views of Huáyán’s Ten Stages

Huáyán’s Ten Stages(華嚴十地) are a series of process and methods for sattva to reach the stage of Budda. It is known that Huáyán’s Ten Stages originally were scriptures in book form called Ten Stages Sutra(『十地經』) and were edited as a part of Hu áy án-Sutra(『華嚴經』) later. However, Ten Stages of Ten Stages Sutra were not established autonomously. They had been completed as Ten Stages of Ten Stages Sutra through Ten Stages of D àsh ì- B ěnsh ēngsh íd ì (『大事』 ｢本生十地｣), D àp ǐnb ānru ò-Sutra(『大品般若經』), and P ús àb ěny è-Sutra(『菩薩本業經』), and the completion was included in Hu áy án-Sutra later. In Hu áy án-Sutra, there are thirty steps of asceticism that include Ten zhù (十住), Ten xín(十行) and Ten huíxiàng(十廻向) as well as Ten dì. In the book, it is written as if you should go through the stages one-by-one in the order of Ten zhù, Ten xíng, Ten huí xiàng and Ten dì to reach the stage of Budda. On this point, there are three different views in the existing academic world. In the first view, púsàdào of Hu áy án-Sutra is completed in Ten dì as a high-dimensional step of asceticism after relatively low-dimensional steps like Ten zhù, Ten xíng, and Ten huíxiàng. In the second view, although Huáyán’s Ten Stages are very high-dimensional steps of asceticism, this does not necessarily mean that you should go through steps one-by-one in the order of Ten zhù, Ten xíng, Ten huí xiàng and Ten dì to attain Buddhahood. Rather, Huáyán’s Ten Stages are the steps of asceticism for the people who already attained Buddhahood. In the third view, Ten dì is the last step of asceticism to reach the stage of Budda for a bodhisattva who hasn’t become a Budda yet, but understands or realizes the true meaning of Four Noble Truths(四諦) and Twelve Nidānas(十二因緣). About the three different views in the academic world, the writer of this article has shedded new light on the meaning of Ten dì through reviewing on what relationship Ten dì has with the other stages of Hu áy án-Sutra(Ten zhù, Ten xíng, Ten huí xiàng) and what it means in Hu áy án-Sutra.