아리스토텔레스 양상개념

On Aristotle's Modal Syllogism

아리스토텔레스의 양상논리는 그의 양상 개념들이 진술 외적이기 보다는 진술 내적인 것으로 해석되어져야 하므로 그의 형이상학적 체계들, 특히 목적론이나 그의 속성이론들과의 관계 속에서 이해되어져야만 한다.

This writing is begun from my simple question, 'Why did Aristotle make the system of his modal logic?" Since I have thought a modal logic to be abstruse and different from a simple one, I thought that it was odd that Aristotle made not only a mature logic but also a modal one. But when I met the discussion on inferences in Aristotle's works, I found the fact that Aristotle didn't deal with a modal ones separately. Aristotle discussed only in turn three types of statements. Then he went on to discuss various types of syllogism made of those three kinds of statements. Really, after he discussed on an assertoric statement, an apodeictic, and a problematic one, then he went on to discuss on various types of syllogism in turn, for example a syllogism with two assetoric statements, with two apodeictic, with an apodeictic and an assertoric, with two problematic, with a problematic and an assertoric, and with a problematic and an apodeictic one. Unlike modern logicians, he didn't make a division between a simple and a modal syllogism. Instead, he made various discussions of syllogisms that could be made of three types of statements in his hands. He dealt with modal statements and syllogisms as if they were simple ones. Why did Aristotle make discussions on them without any division? The reason is that for Aristotle modal expressions are not exteral to, but interal to statements. Thus his modal terms have to do with essential characteristics of statements. For Aristotle, a statement expresses a relationship of terms. Then a modal expression of statement would expose a modal relationship of these terms. Moreover, since a statement reflects an aspect of this world, his modal terms might have a strong relation to his view of this world. Then his modality has to do strongly with his world's view and metaphysical system, especially a theory of property. And bringing out a connexion between Aristotle's modal expressions, especially "necessity" and "contingency", and his metaphysical system and world's view, and exposing that his modal terms reflect an aspect of this world, I assert his modal terms to be internal to a statement, and I declare that it is just natural for him to include his modal syllogism into the whole system of his syllogism because his modal syllogism is also to this world.