파티마조의 통치권과 종교정책 연구

The Relation between the Sovereignty and Religious Policy in the Fatimid - Focused on the Period of al-Hakim and Sitt al-Mulk -

This paper is designed to research the relation between the sovereignty and religious policy in the Shi'ite Ismailiyya based Fatimid Egypt, especially in the period of al-Hakim and Sitt al-Mulk. As for strengthening the political sovereignty in Cairo, the important difference between these two powers was related with policies on the religion. Al-Hakim was a man of irrational and unjust Kalifa. He pushed the Fatimid into the tragic puddle of fanatical madness and irrational murder. He forced the Christians and Jews to wear a badge in the bath that distinguished them from Muslims. And also, he compelled the Christians to wear a cross and the Jews a small bell hung around the neck. Contrary to al-Hakim's religious policy, Sitt al-Mulk followed her father's religious policy, and gave non-Muslims and Christians the right to privileges they had never had before. She inherited the religious openness and tolerance from her father Khalifa al-Aziz. In chapter Ⅱ, the policy of Fatimid's expansion, the transformation of sovereignty, and the related religious policy were described. The establishment of sovereignty in Fatimid was affected by the religious policy on the non-Muslims. In chapter Ⅲ, the fall of al-Hakim's sovereignty, his disappearance, and his religious-social activities were explained. His disappearance was deeply related with his madness, jealousy, and religious radicalism. In chapter Ⅳ, the political and religious policies of Sitt al-Mulk were presented. His father al-Aziz was attacked with criticism for giving much influences and privileges to non-Muslims. However his policy of religious tolerance was interrupted by al-Hakim, Sitt al-Mulk revived his father's religious tolerance. Most of the Muslim historians evaluated al-Aziz and Sitt al-Mulk's political and religious polices positively. They were qualified as the big ruler in the Fatimid, avoiding bloodshed and taking into consideration political and religious tolerance onto the non-Muslims.