어린이집 특성에 따른 보육교사의 소진과 조직몰입에 관한 연구

A Study on Burn out and Organizational Commitment of the Nursery Teachers According to the Characteristics of Child Care Center

본 연구는 보육교사들이 보육현장에서 겪게 되는 소진과 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 변인을 살펴봄으로써 보육교사 지원에 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 서울 및 경기 지역 어린이집에 재직하고 있는 보육교사 218명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 보육교사의 소진 정도는 어린이집 유형와 규모 및 평가 인증 여부에 따라 유의하게 차이가 있었으며, 소진의 하위영역인 비인간화와 개인적 성취감 상실에 있어서는‘어린이집 유형’과‘규모’‘평가인증 유무’,‘조직문화유형’등에 따라서 차이를 보이는것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보육교사의 조직 몰입 정도에 있어서도‘어린이집 유형’과‘규모’및‘평가인증’‘조직문화’에 따라 차이가 있었으며 조직몰입의 하위영역인 정서적 몰입은 ‘어린이집 유형’과 ‘평가인증 유무’및‘조직문화유형’에 따라서, 유지·규범적 몰입은‘어린이집 유형’과‘어린이집 규모’에 따라서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 보육교사의 소진과 조직몰입과의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 소진의 하위영역인 정서적 고갈은 유지·규범적 몰입과 정적 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 비인간화는 정서적 몰입 및 유지 규범적 몰입과는 정적상관관계를 보였고, 개인적 성취감 상실은 정서적 몰입과 높은 부적 상관을 나타냈으나 유지·규범적 몰입과는 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 보육현장에서 인식하는 교사들의 소진이 어떠한 요인이든 조직 몰입에 방해되는 요소라고 생각하기 쉬우나, 본 연구의 결과를 통해 소진의 구체적인 이유에 따라서 차이가 있음에 대하여 논의하였다.

This study tried to gain the fundamental data on the support for the nursery teachers, targeting 214 nursery teachers who are working at the child day centers in the area of Seoul and Gyeonggi-do by researching the variables influencing exhaustion and the early commitment of the nursery teachers. According to the result of this study, Firstly, in the degree of exhaustion of the nursery teachers, there was a meaningful difference according to the type, size and whether assessment and certification or not. In addition, in the aspects of inhumanness and the loss of individual sense of accomplishment, the sub-realm of exhaustion, there was a subtle difference according to ‘the type of the child care center,’ ‘the size of the child care center,’ ‘whether assessment and certification or not,’ ‘organizational culture type’ and so forth. Secondly, also in the degree of organizational commitment, there was a difference according to ‘the type of the child care center,’ ‘the size of the child care center,’ ‘whether assessment and certification or not,’ and ‘organizational culture type.’ In the degree of emotional commitment, the sub-realm of organizational commitment, there was a difference according to ‘the type of the child care center,’ ‘whether assessment and certification or not,’ and ‘organizational culture type.’ And in the degree of commitment maintaining norms, there was a difference according to ‘the type of the child care center’ and ‘the size of the child care center.’ Thirdly, according to the result of the correlation between the exhaustion of the nursery teachers and organizational commitment, the emotional exhaustion, the sub-realm of exhaustion, indicated the positive relationship with the commitment maintaining norms and inhumanness showed the positive relationship with the emotional commitment and commitment maintaining norms. In addition, the loss of individual sense of accomplishment indicated the negative relationship with the emotional commitment, but there was no relationship with the commitment maintaining norms. Through this study, it is easy for teacher in the field situation of nursery setting to think that any exhaustion of teachers may be discouragements in organizational commitment, but I have discussed this matter to refer to this result that there is a difference according to the specific reasons.