영국ㆍ미국ㆍ일본선박보험약관의 비교연구

A Comparative Study on the Institute Time Clauses-Hulls 1995, American Institute Hulls Clauses 1977 and Japanese Hull Standard Clauses, 1990

현재 세계 8대 선복량을 자랑하고 있는 우리 나라는 선박보험계약의 당사자인 피보험자와 보험자가 모두 내국인임에도 불구하고 영국의 법률 및 관습에 따라 규율되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이제 우리 나라 해상보험업계도 영국선박보험약관을 그대로 인용하는 태도를 고수할 것이 아니라, 우리 나라의 법률과 실무계의 실정을 감안한 우리 나라 독자의 선박보험약관을 제정 시행하는 것을 한번 고려해 볼 수는 없는가 하는 의문을 가지게 된다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 현재 세계선박보험시장에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 1995년 영국선박보험약관, 1977년 미국선박보험약관 및 1990년 일본선박보험약관상의 오염손해의 보상문제, 보험사고 발생의 통지의무, 신구교환차익의 처리 및 중복보험의 보상문제에 관하여 비교ㆍ검토하고, 그 결과를 우리 나라 독자적인 선박보험약관을 제정ㆍ시행할 때 필요한 법적 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다.

Generally hull insurance is undertaken by means of a contract of hull insurance. A contract of hull insurance here is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured against the loss and damage to the vessel caused by maritime perils. A contract of hull insurance is consists of printed main insurance clauses and a clause includes many sub-clauses. Now the Institute Time Clauses-Hulls (hereunder refer to as “English hull insurance clauses”) made by the Institute of London Underwriters is much used as the standard form or basic form by many countries all over the world Now Korean insurance companies have not made out their own hull insurance clauses, they have just adopted the made-out English hull insurance clauses and the english law and practice to solve the problems related to marine insurance. On the other hand, the United States of America and Japan have made out their own hull insurance clauses based on English hull insurance clauses and used the clauses for many years. Now American is using American Institute Hull Clauses(hereunder refer to as “American hull insurance clauses” as its own clauses which was made out by American Institute of Marine Underwriters in 1977 and Japan is also using its own clauses named Japanese Hull Standard Clauses(hereunder refer to as “japanese hull clauses”) which was made out by Japanese Hull Insurance Association in 1990. Therefore the purpose of this study is not only to make a comparative study on English hull insurance clauses 1995, American hull insurance clauses 1977 and Japanese hull clauses 1990, but also to supply with some legal materials necessary for Korea to establish and perform our own hull insurance clauses.