19세기 영국의 차산업 발전과 차의 세계화

Development and Globalization of Tea Industry in 19th Century England - Focusing on Characteristics of Indian Tea Industries -

The 19th century embraced the prototype of modern tea culture and underwent a renaissance in tea culture by shifting its center of gravity from China to England. This paper deals with the developmental path of English-ruled India’s tea industries as well as the globalization process of tea culture. For the English people, a stable and continuous supply of tea was very critical; they decided to produce their own tea in India instead of depending upon trade with China. The Assam region was selected as the best tea planting area. English pioneers, such as Letter, Bruce, and Robinson, however, focused on the planting and production of tea and not the region’s tea culture. Edward Money and others developed a new and shortened tea producing process, called the “English method”, that reduced the 12-stage Chinese process into 5-stage, process involving withering, rolling, fermenting, sunning, and drying. Such progress was made possible by utilizing industrial machines and mass production methodologies stemming from the English industrial revolution. Furthermore, fast and secured distribution channels were provided by constructing railroads and paved roads. Finally, English tea was made more popular by aggressive marketing at the World exposition and other world markets.