식민주의, 언어, 이데올로기: 파농, 응구기, 아체베를 중심으로

This paper examines the importance of post-colonial perspective, especially focusing on the matter of nationalism and language, by scrutinizing the theories of Fanon, Ngugi, and Achebe. For these writers, the essential problem in the African politics and cultures is (post-)colonial tendencies, which make its people feel helpless before and inferior to the white people. Fanon symbolically criticizes the desires of a black man to wear a white mask and finds the solution for the liberation and equality through the struggles of black common people against the dominant bourgeoisie who exploits the working class and farmers, and oppresses resistance to the western imperialism which colludes with the colonized bourgeois govemment. What is distinctive in Ngugi's notion of nationalism is his assertion for using the native language. According to him, as spokespeople of the oppressed, writers should consider the means of writing, asking such a question as "In which language I should write?" or "Who is expected to be a reader of my work?" etc. On the contrary, Achebe is concerned with the availability of English in his writing for the colonized. He doesn't hesitate to use English for his works because English is the most widely used language in his country and English can help the African cultures to be understood without distortion by the western cultures. Despite the differences among the notions and methods of their theories, we can affirm the importance and urgency of the request for a post-colonial perspective.