한국 철도화물운송의 동태적 효율성과 생산성

The Dynamic Efficiency and Productivity of Freight Traffic by Railroad Lines in Korea

This paper aims at analysing the dynamic technical efficiency and productivity of freight traffic by 17 railroad lines using the SBM model and the Malmquist index. This paper utilizes data for the period 2004-2010. The SBM model uses two inputs to produce two outputs. The inputs consist of the number of staffs and non-labor cost and the outputs are the freight revenue and ton-kilometer. The result shows that most of lines not only have much larger operational inefficiencies than scale ones, but are in a condition of increasing returns to scale. That indicates that it is more reasonable to increase the staffs as well as the investment in infrastructure rather than downsize the organization. The SBM/WINDOW analysis reveals that there is a very large efficiency gap among the DMUs. The Taebaik Line only has an efficiency above 0.8 of all lines, but the efficiency of 13 lines is below 0.5, of which that of 9 lines is lower than 0.3. The Malmquist productivity analysis indicates that the efficiency gap grows between the technologically progressed DMUs and regressed ones, and the technical efficiency decrease is due to the operational efficiency rather than scale efficiency.