국제인권 규범의 문화적 수용과 법적 제도화

The Enculturation and Legal Institutionalization of International Human Rights Norms

International human rights are the freedoms, immunities, and benefits that, based on modern values at an international level, all human beings should be able to claim as a matter of right in society in which they live. According to Thomas Risse and Kathryn Sikkink's spiral model, there are five steps of internalization of international human rights norms. These steps are as follows: (1) repression and activation of the international network; (2) denial by the oppressing state; (3) tactical concession by the oppressor; (4) “prescriptive status,” including signing treaties; (5) rule-consistent behavior. This model highlights that the diffusion of human rights norms occurs not simply through the legal institutionalization, such as signing treaties and enacting international human rights norms into law, but accepting these norms as part of a society's culture. The historical experiences of the U. S., Western Europe, and Russia show side effects in adopting of laws and treaties to guarantee international human rights in the absence of the enculturation such human rights norms. Finally, I think that adjusting international human rights norms to domestic law needs to go hand in hand with cultural changes. It is also important that legal protections should not go beyond a society's culture. It is certain that if laws and institutions proceed too far beyond a society culture, the society will be plunged in confusion.