1인가구의 생애주기별 이질성과 공간적 분포특성

The Heterogeneity of one person households and their characteristics of spatial distribution

본 연구는 최근 급증하는 1인가구가 동질집단이 아님을 청년층, 장년층, 노년층 1인가구로 구분하여 입증하고, 그들의 공간적 분포특성을 대구광역시를 사례지역으로 분석하였다. 분석의 객관성을 확보하기 위해여 인구주택총조사중 10% 표본조사 자료를 사용하여 다항로짓모형으로 연령대별 차이를 검정하였다. 분석결과 각 연령대별 1인가구는 주거조건, 교육수준, 혼인상태, 통근수단 등 여러 가지 측면에서 명확한 차이를 보였다. 공간적 분포도 청년층 1인가구는 도심, 산업단지, 대학촌 등에 집중 거주하며 노년층 1인가구는 도심과 농촌지역에 집중 거주하는 경향이 관측되었다. 장년층은 도심과 농촌지역의 중간지역에 거주하는 특성이 있었다.

The household structure of Korea has been changed dramatically from traditional large family type to nucleared or single family type. In particular, The share of one-person household has been increased from 9.0 per cent in 1990 to 23.9 per cent in 2010. The increase of the share of one person household requires changes of housing policy. However, current housing polices for one person households assume that all of the one-person households are homogeneous. In fact, the one person households consist of different groups. They can be classified into three marital status -- unmarried young, divorced, and separated by death. They have different socio-economic characteristics and housing conditions, and thus different housing demand. This information is very important for housing industry and government. However, the different characteristics of one-person households by socio-economic status has not been considered in private and public sector and/or little attention has been paid by academic society. For these reasons, this study analyzes the characteristics of one person household by different age groups -- young(age below 35), prime age(age between 36 and 64), and old(age above 65) in the case of Daegu metropolitan city. In addition, this study identifies characteristics of spatial distribution of one person households. The main findings are follows. First, one person household is unique with respect to housing type, education, marital status, and mode of transportation. Therefore, the one person households should not be assumed as homogeneous group. Second, the young one person households show a strong tendency to locate the city center, university villages and near industrial sites. The old one person households tend to be clustered in/around the city center as well as rural areas. Prime aged one person households reside between the city center and rural areas.