紫霞 申緯 七言絶句 連作型式의 論書詩 硏究

A Study on Nonseo(論書) in a Series Form with Chileon-Jeolgu(七言絶句) by Jaha(紫霞) Shinwi(申緯)

다른 사람의 글씨를 보고 느낀 感賞 등의 書評이나 자신이 글씨를 쓰면서 느끼는 感興, 서예에 관한 자신의 생각, 서예의 역사나 서론 등을 詩로 표현한 것이 論書詩이다. 이러한 논서시는 일찍이 漢代로부터 서론의 발달과 함께 발전해 왔을 것으로 짐작된다. 이렇게 서론과 함께 시작된 논서시는 唐代에 이르러 李白과 杜甫에 의하여 그 체제가 구체화되었다. 대시인이었던 이들은 실로 후대에 나오는 대부분의 논서시 유형들을 槪括하였다. 특히 두보의｢戱爲六絶｣은 시로써 시를 평가한 論詩絶句類 시들의 효시가 되었다. 이 논시절구는 元代 元好問을 거치면서 연작 형식의 절구시 30수 정도로 체계화되었고, 이후 淸代에는 문학비평의 보편적인 흐름으로 자리하게 되었다. 아울러 論詩絶句는 論書絶句, 論畫絶句, 論印絶句 등으로 영역을 넓혀 창작되기에 이른다. 논서시가 동방에 유입된 것은 신라의 崔致遠부터이며, 高麗와 朝鮮을 거치며 많은 논서시가 창작되었다. 두보의｢戱爲六絶｣을 효시로 한 연작형식의 논서시가 전해진 것은 조선후기로 보이며, 그 본격적인 작가가 申緯이다. 그는 우리 선조들 가운데 가장 많은 논서시를 남긴 것으로 보이는데, 그가 남긴 4500여 수의 시 중에 논서시는 약 350여 수나 되고, 그 중에 약 100여 수의 논서시가 칠언절구 연작형식이다. 蘇軾을 통하여 杜甫에 들어간다는 ‘由蘇入杜’를 지향했던 그가 칠언절구 연작형식의 논서시를 많이 지은 데에는 다음과 같은 목적이 있었다. 첫째는 두보의 논시시 전통을 잇는다는 것이었고, 둘째는 두보처럼 후인들에게 모범이 되고 교훈적인 시를 짓고자 함이었다. 그러한 것은 그가 지향했던 두보에 대한 존숭의 발로였으며, 청대의 문인들과 교류하면서 얻어진 첨단 문예사조의 반영이기도 하였다. 자하의 예술론은 詩書畫相髓論ㆍ胸中成竹論ㆍ神似論ㆍ坐禪的藝術論 등이 있지만 그의 예술세계 전반을 꿰뚫고 있는 것은 ‘神’이며, 그것을 어떻게 표현할 것인가가 神似이다. 그의 神似는 王士禎의 神韻說과 翁方綱의 肌理說에 영향을 받은 것이기도 하지만, 위로는 蘇軾과 杜甫의 通神과 연결되고 멀리는 劉勰의 문학창작론에 닿아있다.

Nonseosi(論書詩:Discussible Poetry) is what expressed the book review such as appreciation of having been felt after seeing other person's writing or sensation of being felt by own writing, own thought about calligraphy, and history or introduction on calligraphy, by using poetry. This Nonseosi is guessed to have been likely progressed early together with development in introduction from the Han Dynasty(漢代). Nonseosi, which was begun together with introduction in this way, was actualized its system by Lee Baek(李白), Du Bo(杜甫) with reaching the Tang Dynasty. These people, who had been a great poet, summarized most of Nonseosi types, which actually appear in future generations. Especially, Du Bo's ｢Huiwiyukjeol(戱爲六絶)｣ became the beginning of poems in Nonsi-Jeolgu(Chinese quatrain) types(論詩絶句類), which evaluated poem as poem. This Nonseo-Jeolgu was systematized with about 30 poems as the Jeolgu(絶句) poetry in a series form while passing through Yuan Hao-Wen(元好問) in Yuan dynasty, and came to position as a universal flow of literary criticism in the Qing(淸) Dynasty since then. In addition, Nonsi-Jeolgu(論詩絶句) comes to be created by being broadened the sphere into Nonseo-Jeolgu(論書絶句), Nonhwa-Jeolgu(論畫絶句), and Nonin-Jeolgu(論印絶句). What Nonseosi(論書詩:Discussible Poetry) was introduced into the East is from Choe Chi-won(崔致遠) in Silla. Lots of Nonseosi were created with passing through Goryeo(高麗) and Joseon(朝鮮). What Nonseosi in a series form, which had the beginning as Du Bo's ｢Huiwiyukjeol(戱爲六絶)｣, was transmitted, seems to be the late Joseon period. Its genuine writer is Shinwi(申緯). He seems to have left the majority of Nonseosi among our ancestors. Among about 4500 poems that he had left, Nonseosi includes fully about 350 poems. About 100 poems in Nonseosi among them have a series form with Chileon-Jeolgu(七言絶句). What he composed lots of Nonseosi in a series form with Chileon-Jeolgu(七言絶句), as a person who had pointed to ‘Yusoipdu(由蘇入杜)’ as saying of entering Du Bo(杜甫) through Sosik(蘇軾), had the following objectives. Firstly, the aim was to follow Du Bo's tradition of Nonseosi. Secondly, the aim was to compose a poem, which comes to be exemplary and instructive to future generations like Du Bo. Such thing was the expression of reverence for Du Bo to which he had pointed, and was also the reflection of the state-of-the-art literary trend, which was obtained while exchanging with literary persons in the Qing dynasty. Zaha's art theory includes Siseohwasangsuron(詩書畫相髓論)ㆍHyungjungseongjukron(胸中成竹論)ㆍShinsaron(神似論)ㆍJwaseonjeokyesulron(坐禪的藝術論). However, what is having an insight into the whole of his art worlds is ‘Shin(神:god).’ How it will be expressed is Shinsa(神似). His Shinsa(神似) is also influenced by Wang Sa-jeong(王士禎)'s Shinunseol(神韻說) and Ong Bang-gang(翁方綱)'s Giriseol(肌理說). However, It is connected with Tongshin(通神) in Sosik(蘇軾) and Du Bo(杜甫) upwardly and is reached Yuhyeop(劉勰)'s theory of literary creation far away.