아우구스티누스의 미론과 자유교양교육

A Study of Augustinian Theory of Beauty and Liberal Education

아우구스티누스는 우리의 삶에서 공유 가능한 보편적 미의 확보에 관심을 두었으며 미적 성숙의 과정을 제안하였다. 그는 미의 문제를 존재론적 토대위에서 탐색하면서 미를 존재에 순응하는 원리로 보고, 추를 존재에 반하는 원리로 설명하였다. 그는 영원한 미를 창조의 질서에서 찾을 수 있으며, 감각보다는 이성이 미를 지각하고 판단하는 주체가 된다고 하였다. 그렇다면 우리를 순수한 지적 탐구의 차원으로 이끌어가고 이성의 능력을 향상시키는 자유교양교과가 필요하다. 그가 교양교육에 관심을 가지면서 영혼의 정화와 상승을 모색한 것은 인간존재의 실현이라는 미적 이념 때문이다. 이면의 아름다움을 인식하는 이성의 증진은 교양교육의 과제이다. 영원한 미를 본질적 가치로 생각하는 아우구스티누스의 미론은 미의 인식능력을 향상시키는 교양교육과 필수적인 상관성을 가진다.

Augustinian theory of beauty constitutes the concept of the eternal beauty which is toward from visible beauty of the spatial-temporal world to invisible beauty of the ideal world. Augustinus devices an aesthetic system that makes it possible for the human to contemplates eternal beauty by grasping the providential order of the world through the stages of liberal arts. So, it is possible to say that he is learning 7liberal arts to promote reasoning for the soul who is fallen to this sensible, corporeal world. Human soul acquires a vision of self actualization in the aesthetic dimension that is understood as the comprehensive synthesis. this means that the aesthetic consciousness is diachronically connected with the ontological idea of self accomplishment. The problem of the beauty always includes the sensible concreteness and ideal transcendence, and human as aesthetic existence is a being who has a preoccupation with the vision of self-actualization by the aesthetic consciousness. Augustinian theory of beauty includes ontological meaning of beauty. His theory of beauty is related to the transcendental idea of beauty through the eternal beauty. And it is toward from the sensible concreteness to ideal transcendence. Aesthetic experience on the sensible things in this world is contained in the concept of ascendant beauty. This study examines the educational relatedness of Augustinian theory of beauty and liberal education that concentrates upon the aesthetic self-actualization. In accordance with Augustinian theory of beauty, the perceiving of the eternal beauty is in proportion to the status of human being. Therefore, it is necessary for the directedness of perceiving of the eternal beauty to convert human being. It is crucial to see that liberal education is not simply a matter of information but of transformation leading to new attitudes, new intellectual insights, and a new cosmic destination.