의문사 이동과 동결효과

Chomsky(2000, 2001) explains wh-movement in terms of feature-checking based on Activation Condition and EPP property of the target. He's forced to adopt the concept of defective heads, which are defective in that they are unable to check off the feature of the goal that has made it visible for movement to the head Since in Chomsky's system movement is driven by the EPP property, successive cyclic movement always involves feature checking, which would freeze wh-phrases for further movement, as a result of which the ᵤk driving wh-movement would remain unchecked. Bošković(2007) suggests there is no feature-checking under successive cyclic movement, arguing that the marking for movement, a property of the target(the EPP property) in Chomsky's system, should be placed on the moving element, not on the target. Following Bošković(2008b), this article argues that operators in operator-variable chains cannot undergo further operator movement. The validity of this operator freezing effect can be established, on the basis of a number of operations creating operator-variable chains, namely, wh-movement, focalization, topicalization, quantifier raising, and the NPI- licensing movement.