18세기 圃隱家門 繼後의 정치사회적 의미

Political and Social Meaning of the Jeong Mong-ju Family's Adoption in 18th Century

이 글은 영일정씨 포은 鄭夢周 가문의 가계계승의 난맥과 그에 따른 진통의 실상을 잘 보여주는 <乾隆元年六月日禮曺立案)>(1736: 鄭夏濟繼後立案)의 분석을 통해 조선후기 계후의 한 양태를 살펴보고, 그 의미를 짚어보는데 목적이 있다. 圃隱家門은 숙종 연간에 접어들면서 직계 자손들의 거듭된 단명과 무후가 반목되면서 가세가 크게 위축된 것 같다. 정몽주의 11세손 鄭纘光(1650∼1676)에서 14세손 鄭亮采(1734∼1811)에 이르는 4대 동안 무려 3차례의 출계ㆍ입양이 이루어진 점은 17∼18세기 가계계승상의 어려움을 잘 반영하고 있다. 포은가문의 계후에는 계후 대상자의 물색과 선정, 대 국왕 건의, 立案의 발급에 宋時烈ㆍ閔鼎重ㆍ崔錫鼎ㆍ吳命恒ㆍ李縡ㆍ金在魯ㆍ宋寅明 등 서인[노론 및 소론] 기호학파의 중진들이 깊이 개입하고 있음이 특징이었다. 이것은 포은가의 계후가 家的 영역에서 하나의 정치사회적 현안으로 확대되었음을 의미하는 것인 동시에 정몽주에 대한 追尊 및 계승의식을 강조함으로써 권력의 기반을 강화하려 했던 서인계, 특히 老論들의 정치적 입장이 강하게 반영된 결과로 해석되었다.

This work examines an aspect of adoption in the late Chosun Dynasty and its meaning by an analysis of Certificate issued by Ministry of Rites in 1736 (乾隆元年六月日禮曺立案) which shows well the reality and chaotic conditions of adoption in the Poeun Jeong Mong-ju family of the Yeongil Jeong Family. The fortune of the Poeun Jeong Mong-ju family has declined significantly by the era of King Sukjong due to repeated short life and continuous sonlessness of the direct descendants, and the fact that there were 3 incidents of adoption for 4 generations between Jeong Chan-kwang(1650-1676), the 11th descendant, and Jeong Yang-chae(1734-1811), the 14th descendant of Jeong Mong-ju, well reflects the chaotic conditions in the succession of the family. This study was able to confirm that in the adoption in the Poeun Jeong Mong-ju family, leading figures of the Giho School of the Westerners like Song Si-yeol, Min Jeong-jung, Choi Suk-jeong, Oh Myung-hang, Yi Jae, Kim Jae-roh, Song In-myung were deeply involved in the form of searching for and selecting the candidates for adoption, making propositions to the king, and issuing certificates. This means the adoption in Poeun Jeong Mong-ju family expanded from an affair in a family to a political and social question. At the same time, it was interpreted as a result that strongly reflected the political positions of the Westerner school, particularly the figures who belonged to the Old Doctrine, who tried to consolidate their hold of power by emphasizing the reverence for Jeong Mong-ju and the sense of succession of the family.