고층건물의 계단층에서 피난 및 제연에 관한 연구

A Study on the Evacuation and the Smoke Control in a Stair Shaft of a High Rise Building

Developing smoke control methods in high-rise buildings has been an object of much study in recent years in South Korea. When a fire occurs, the stair shaft becomes a vital means of evacuation. It also becomes an entry way for toxic gases. This paper considers whether it would be profitable to install a smoke control system in a stair shaft to reduce the spread of smoke. Using the software program SIMULEX, researchers investigated how long and with what degree of safety it took residents to evacuate a ten-story building. A CFD simulation was also performed to analyze how toxic gases were propagated and to see how long it took the gas concentration to return to a steady state. There were three cases studied. The first looked at a high-rise with just an ordinary staircase. The second case involved a high-rise where each floor was equipped with an exhaust fan. The last simulated a high-rise equipped with a fire protection curtain. Researchers also conducted experimental tests to compare with results from the simulation. The final evacuee, in the experiment, reached the roof exit in 254 seconds, compared to 180 seconds in the simulation. Researchers also wanted to know the time elapsed before 50 mg/m2smass flux of CO flowed through the roof exit. They found that in the ordinary staircase it took 38 seconds, and in the second case, with the exhaust fans, it took 61 seconds (the best result); the fire protection curtain yielded a result of 43 seconds. The exhaust fans were capable of reducing the CO mass flux by 33% of the ordinary staircase (9.8% lower than with the fire protection curtain).