나자프 하우자의 교육체계와 정치적 역할 연구

Hawza 'Ilmiyyah's Educational System and Its Political Role

This research studies on the Shi'i religious establishment in Najaf, Iraq, called Hawza 'Ilmiyyah. The Hawza of Najaf is the oldest one in the Shi'ite world in Islamic history. This study focusing on the historical circumstances, such as where religious instruction takes place, how established of the Hawza, study hours, learning languages, official breaks and vacations, the curriculum, the process of level-up, teaching methods and treatment, and especially the relationship between teacher and students. Through these, the study intend to shed light on the political role playes by the hawza in Najaf, specially post-Saddam Hussein. Consequently, the researcher insists on the three points. One, Hawza was founded because it had met the political requirements on the historical process. Two, educational system helps to inherit the spirit of Shi'ism, and Mujtahids from hawza influence muqallids for social and political matters. Three, Iraqi Shi'ite religious leaders and Shi'ite parties has dominance in the political field of new Iraq, and the source of the power origins from Hawza, Najaf.