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A Survey of Concerning Paul's Use of Amanuensis

The article is to explore Paul's use of amanuensis (secretaries) and the role they played in the writing of his letter. It will survey extrabiblical evidence from the ancient world to determine the use of amanuenses in general letter writing. In ancient epistolography amanuenses were commonly used in letter writing and that often the sender himself would take the pen to finish the letter. Beside this, nothing more specific can be said concerning amanuensis in antiquity. Then the article will focus on Paul's letters and the evidence they contain concerning his own use of amanuenses. To determine Paul's use of amanuenses and the role of amanuenses, it explores three lines of evidence contained in Paul's letters: (1) the multiple names mentioned in some Pauline greetings and the corresponding use of first person plural, (2) "autographs" which Paul suggests are written in his own hand, and (3) literary characteristics which set certain sections of each letter apart from their surrounding context, thus possibly implying a change in hand or the use of a secretary. Generally, Paul could have dictated word-for-word or syllable to a secretary, or he could have given the general sense of the message to the secretary, leaving the details to be filled out by the secretary. The article, however, insists that Paul's amanuenses exercise some degree of freedom to the degree to co-author in finishing his letters. All in all, Paul's amanuenses exercise the faithful mediators and co-workers by reflecting the contents and purposes of the letter Paul' is trying to write for the benefits of receivers.