다니엘 10장의 관점에서 본 바울의 다메섹 체험

Paul's Experience on the Damascus Road in Light of Daniel 10

The purpose of this article is to examine the linguistic, conceptual, and thematical similarities between the narratives of Daniel 10 and Paul's Damascus experience in Acts, and to suggest some theological implications of this proposal. The following two premises are taken for this study. First of all, the three descriptions of Paul's Damascus experience reflect faithfully the tradition originated from Paul's and Ananias' witness (Act 9:1-19; 22:6-16; 26:12-18). Second, in a chronological stand point of view, Paul was able to access three major Danielic traditions, that is, MT-Daniel, OG-Daniel, and TH-Daniel. The following eight evidences are presented to support the proposal. (1) vision from heaven (Act 26:19; Dan 10:1 [TH]); (2) great light and sound from heaven (Act 9:3-4; Dan 10:6 [OG]); (3) exclusive vision experience (Act 22:9; Dan 10:7 [OG]); (4) messenger sent by God (Act 9:17; Dan 10:11 [OG]); (5) message and its content (Act 9:16; Dan 10:14 [OG]); (6) strengthened visionary (Act 9:16-19; Dan 10:18 [OG]); (7) common narrative structure; (8) Paul's intimacy with Daniel 10-12. These evidences, taken cumulatively, strongly suggest that the two accounts from Daniel and Acts are closely connected in terms of language, concepts, and themes. The intertextual relationship between the two passages, however, should not be exaggerated to deny the influence of OT prophets such as Isaiah, Jeremiah or Ezekiel. Rather this observation shows that various OT influences lie behind the account of Paul's Damascus experience, and especially Daniel 10 functions as a hermeneutic frame on which such influences are converged. In conclusion, in light of the supposed linguistic connection, the Danielic tradition that Paul seems to have employed is close to that of OG-Daniel. Secondly, the reason that Paul describes his convertsion experience in the hermeneutic cave of Daniel 10, broadly 7-12, is possibly because he understood Christ in the category of Danielic "the Ancient of days," or "the Son of Man" (cf. Gal 1:16; Rom 1:2- 4). In this line, lastly, if Daniel 7-12 played significant role in understanding Paul's conversion and calling, it is necessary to study further systematically some permanent influence of Daniel on Paul's theology.